Hormones & Metabolism

Question 1

Name the hormones that cause Catabolism and Anabolism

Answer 1

C: Glucocorticoids, Catecholamines, glugagon

A: Insulin, Testosterone, Thyroid H

Question 2

___ inputs controls the Hypothalmus (H); H hormones are released from the ___ pituitary directly into blood, H neurons reach only the _____ which reaches the AP, which secretes own hormones

Answer 2

Neuronal; AP
Median Eminence (hormones enter blood --portal v--> to AP

Question 3

Name the hormones the P, ME, AP release

Answer 3

P: ADH, Oxytocin
ME: Thyrotropin, Corticotropin, CH
(all releasing hormones)

AP: TSH, ACTH, GH

Question 4

Ultra Short Loop
Short Loop
Long Loop

(mostly results in - fb)

Answer 4

US: (H) hormone feeds-back to (H)
Shrt: Pit. hormones feed back to H
Lng: P. Gland Hm. feed back to AP & H

Question 5

Name the two parts of the Adrenal cortex and what the secrete

Answer 5

Cortex (mesoderm) - Corticosteroids - mineral corticoid (aldosterone), glucocorticoid (cortisol), sex steroid precursor

Medulla (neuro-ectoderm)
Catacholamines: NE, E

Question 6

Adreno-Corticosteroids are secreted by the ____, from _____ in the ____&_____ by _________

Answer 6

A- Cortex
Cholesterol
Mitochondria & ER
Cytochrome P450 (w/Oz + NADP)

Question 7

Name the (3) types of corticosteroids; and (2) types of Catecholamines

Answer 7

mineral corticoid (aldosterone), glucocorticoid (cortisol), sex steroid precursor

C: NE, E

Question 8

What triggers cortisol release?

Cortisol Release Pathway?

How is it inhibited?

Answer 8

Stress –> CRH (M)(*also ADH) –> ACTH (AP)–> Cortisol (AC)

Short/Long loop feedback

Question 9

How does ACTH interact on the AC.

At binding? Immediate, short, long term ACTH exposure

Answer 9

cAMP –> pKA pKC
I: Initiates synthesis of cortisol
S: transcription of Cortisol CYP’s
L: Increase cell size/number

Question 10

Synthetic Glucocorticoids can _____ CRH and ACTH secretions; Cortisol also inhibits ______. ACTH inhits ______

Answer 10

inhibit, CRH, ACTH

ADH secretion

Question 11

Cortisol ______ availability of glucose in blood, through______
Increases _________
and suppresses the _________

Answer 11

increases
lipo, proteo, lysis, glucogenesis, glycogenesis**
BP; immune response

Question 12

Cushing (hypercortisol) (3)

Answer 12

Muscle weakness –> breaking PT

hyperglycemia—> glucose used weight gain —> cortisol inhibits ACTH –> inhibits ADH

Question 13

Addisons Disease (hypocortisol) (3)

Answer 13

hypoglycemia—>
hypotension —> increased ACTH –> inhibits ADH = no retention
Hypotension - ACTH released w/ melanocyte hormone

Question 14

Hormones in the Adrenal Cortex _____ receive input from the hypothalamus/pituitary axis. The AC is innervated by ______, which innervate _____ with no axon terminal but release ______ to blood; Adrenal Chromaffin cells have what type of receptor on them?

Answer 14

do not
cholinergic pre-ganglionic fibers
neurons, catacholamines
Nicotinic (PreGanglionic)

Question 15

What stimulates the release of NE, E

Answer 15

Hypovolemia - Low BP
Hypoglycemia - Low BS
Hypothermia - Cold

Question 16

Name the 3 thryoid hormones, their activity, what they need, how they are stored, and how Iodine crosses cell membrane

Answer 16

T4 (low. aff) T3 (active) T3r (n.act)

need iodine; thyroid peroxidase thyroid globulin (in colloid) (cleaved when released), ATP (sodium iodide symport)

Question 17

What triggers T3-4 release?

T3-4 Release Pathway?

How is it inhibited?

Answer 17

Stumulus –> TRH (M) –> TSH (AP)–> T3-4 (TG)

Long loop feedback (T3)