regional accents Flashcards

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1
Q

What is standard english?

A

recieved form of the language which operates by grammar, syntax and spelling - associated with formality, clarity and overt prestige

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2
Q

define regional accent…

A

the manner of pronunciation/articulation particular to a geographical place

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3
Q

define regional dialect…

A

lexical, syntactical and grammatical variations due to geographical place

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4
Q

Give an example of regional lexical variations

A

ginnel, kecks, nowt, teacake, bobby dazzler (Lancashire)
bevvy, bird (liverpool)
bishy barnabee (east anglia)

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5
Q

Give an example of synatctic variation

A

‘does he not like it’ as opposed to ‘doesn’t he like it’

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6
Q

What are the 3 types of RP?

A

conservative (queen), contemporary (made in chelsea), mainstream (benedict cumberbatch & keira knightley)

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7
Q

what percentage of the country use RP?

A

2%

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8
Q

Why is RP viewed as powerful?

A

used by judges and news presenters, director of BBC banned regional accents in 1929

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9
Q

What did George Bernard Shaw comment about regional accents?

A

‘it is impossible for an Englishman to open his mouth without making another Englishman hate or despise him’

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10
Q

What did Dr Lance Workman investigate in his experiment?

A

accent and perception of intelligence and attractiveness

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11
Q

What was Workman’s experiment?

A

showed photos of 4 different women speaking (yorkshire, brummy, RP and silent) and asked participats to rate each on intelligence and attractiveness

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12
Q

What did Workman find with attractiveness?

A

no change

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13
Q

What did Workman find with Intelligence?

A

yorkshire (most intelligent)
birmingham & brummy (least intelligent)

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14
Q

What is a critique of the phonemic alphabet?

A

the /ʌ/ sound does not exist in many northern accents, as seen in a southern pronunciation of ‘up’, and the alphabet is based upon RP which makes it difficult for northerners

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15
Q

What is a difference in pronunciation between northern and southern accents?

A

/æ/ and /ɑ:/, southerners pronouce grass and bath with a: whereas northeners use æ

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16
Q

Give an example of a rhotic accent

A

Lancashire, Scottish, Irish and in the west country

17
Q

Why is ‘g dropping’ not ‘sloppy speech’?

A

It is simply substituting the /ŋ/ sound for the /n/ sound, therefore not dropping any syllables

18
Q

What is the glottal stop?

A

Closing off the vocal chords to prevent a sound from being produced, typically used to conserve breath while lifting a heavy object.

19
Q

Why should the glottal stop not be considered lazy?

A

It takes more energy than producing a sound

20
Q

What three factors did Giles research?

A

Persuasiveness, Status and personality

21
Q

What did Trudgill find with the link between non-standard variations use and gender identity?

A

After Trudgill had explained what variations he was looking for, men tended to over-report whereas women would under-report (covert vs overt prestige)

22
Q

give an example of a standard English double negation

A

it is not undeniable to say that

23
Q

Is there historical context behind double negation?

A

Yes, used for emphasis, as seen in Chaucner’s ‘the friars tale’: “Ther nas no man nowher so vertuous”

24
Q

Define Estuary English.

A

Modified regional speech (Rosewarne, 1987) placed between RP and Cockney, first seen on the Thames estuary

25
Q

What are some aspects of estuary English?

A

Glottal stops and the L-vocalisation

26
Q

Who is an example of speaking Estuary english in place of the typical RP accent?

A

prince George, footbaw

27
Q

Give an example of variations in preposition use?

A

Yorkshire dialects use ‘while’ in place of ‘until’

28
Q

Give an example of variation in pronoun use

A

the pluralization of the pronoun ‘you’ in the Liverpool (scouse) accent, ‘yous’

29
Q

What is a variation relating to the verb to be?

A

The cockney accent uses the singular past imperfect verb of ‘was’ regarding singular and plural situations, ‘we was’

30
Q

What does the rise in usage of estuary English suggest?

A

a shift to more centralized varieties all over the UK

31
Q

What are the connotations of Estuary English?

A

classless, so sidesteps negative connotations of RP but also the connotations of ill-education from accents

32
Q

Where is one place with no traces of hybrid accents or estuary English?

A

‘Liverpool appears to be a dialectal island’ Watson (2008, Liverpool speech study)