language and gender Flashcards
what is the difference between gender and sex?
sex is the biological differences whereas gender is the socially expected characteristics a person has
who created male is the norm syndrome?
Julia Stanley (1973)
what does Julia Stanley theorize?
language is intrinsically structured to make a power imbalance between genders
what is ‘linguistic determinism’?
the concept that the language you speak determines your thoughts, feelings and your interpretation of the world
What is an example of male as the norm syndrome?
mankind, may the best man win, a family man
why did Stanley explain women take up negative semantic space?
women are invisible in a lot of literature
what did Stanley say about pronoun use?
the use of ‘he’ to avoid long-winded alternative is removing women from semantics
Who discussed the pronoun used when referring to primary school teachers?
Dale Spender in 1960s
What did Spender discuss when referring to pronouns of primary school teachers
most primary teachers are female so on training female pronoun used yet one male teacher wrote a letter of protest that women sshould know theyre included under ‘him’
what is the etymology of ‘women’
comes from old english ‘wifmon’ meaning wife of man.
What are some historical examples of gender impacting language use?
Wilson (1553) stated men should precede women in writing eg brother and sister, because it ‘more natural’
What does marking reveal?
hidden expected norms for gender occupations
give an example of gender marking
male prostitute or female doctor
What did Goddard study (1983)?
terms of endearment
What are some examples of terms of endearment?
kid, chuck, love, darling, poppet, princess, flower, angel, duck
