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Edexcel A level- Geo > Regeneration key words > Flashcards

Regeneration key words Flashcards

1
Q

Abandoned land

A

Spaces in urban areas that were previously used for industry, now derelict and awaiting regeneration. Could also be applied to rural areas where farming is no longer taking place.

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2
Q

accessibility

A

How easy it is to travel to or communicate with a place. Distance and transport routes to other places are usually the most important factors.

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3
Q

administrative centre

A

Places, usually larger county towns or cities, that make decisions about how to organise infrastructure and economic activity in the surrounding area.

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4
Q

built environment

A

An urban area with buildings and infrastructure, such as road and railways

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5
Q

commercial

A

Places, usually towns or cities where the major economic activity is trade, shopping or financial services.

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6
Q

commuter village

A

A rural settlement close to a large city that has become home for many people working in the urban area. They journey to and from the city on a daily basis usually by road or train

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7
Q

composite indicator

A

A development indicator, which measures more than one variable eg the well-being index.

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8
Q

connectedness

A

A measure of how connected different people are through different communication link eg broadband, road, rail.

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9
Q

crime rate

A

the amount or level of crime in an area

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10
Q

cultural diffusion

A

the spread of cultural ideas and way of life

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11
Q

cultural diversity

A

The number or range of different population groups with different lifestyles in a place, usually linked to ethnicity but also to socio-economic groups or age groups.

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12
Q

cultural enrichment

A

The addition of ideas, actions and meanings that are the result of the arrival of new people to an area.

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13
Q

cultural erosion

A

the loss or dilution of a specific culture due to cultural diffusion

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14
Q

culture

A

The way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs of a particular group of people at a particular time.

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15
Q

deindustrialisation

A

The mass closure of industries in regions traditionally associated with secondary industrial production, also features high unemployment levels. Partly due to the global shift in production.

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16
Q

demographic change

A

Changes in the population characteristics of a place. This could be numbers of people or types of people.

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17
Q

demographic characteristics

A

Data about a group of people, such as their age, gender or income.

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18
Q

demographics

A

the study of population and population change

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19
Q

depopulation

A

A significant and sustained decline in the population size of a region or country.

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20
Q

deprivation

A

When people lack the things they would expect to have in the 21st century such as jobs, a certain level of income, affordable housing, access to services such as schools and healthcare.

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21
Q

deregulation

A

The process of reducing or removing rules governing economic activity in a country with the aim of encouraging investment.

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22
Q

derelict land

A

Previously used land in cities that has fallen into disrepair because buildings have closed and noon is there to maintain them

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23
Q

development

A

Usually considered as economic growth leading to an improvement in the standard of living. Development can be measured in other ways, such as freedom, equality or the well-being of the natural environment.

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24
Q

diaspora

A

the movement of a population away from their homeland

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25
Q

diversification

A

In times of low far income farmers seek alternate incomes such as B&B, wind turbines, off roading trails and conversion of farm buildings to offices or workshops. It may also link to the political decision by the EU to encourage farmers to find alternative business uses for their land other than growing surplus food.

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26
Q

diversity

A

the degree of variation with a population, e.g age, ethnicity, culture

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27
Q

economic sector

A

a way to group jobs that have a similar purpose

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28
Q

economies

A

The amount of money being transferred between different players leading to wealth creation

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29
Q

engagement

A

The decision of individual members of the public to get involved in tacking political issues eg through volunteering, running for election.

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30
Q

environmental impact assessment

A

Its part of the planning stage all large projects must carry out a study of what the likely impacts will be of the project. A focus is often on the natural environment to ensure that it remains sustainable but can also include the impacts on people. (social and economic environments)

31
Q

environmental quality

A

The condition and attractiveness of the surroundings within which people live. This incudes birth the natural and the built environment – open space and levels of air, water and land pollution.

32
Q

ethnicity

A

The cultural background of a group of people, often based on religion or country of origin.

33
Q

ethnic composition

A

information about the ethnic characteristics of a group of people

34
Q

fertility rate

A

the number of children born to a woman during her life time

35
Q

gated communities

A

Neighbourhoods of towns or cities where houses are designed with gates and fences to improve privacy or safety.

36
Q

gentrification

A

Renewal, renovation or rebuilding of older and deteriorating buildings in order to create more upmarket places for middle class resident to live, often displacing poorer residents.

37
Q

governance

A

how a place or area is managed by different levels of government

38
Q

idyll

A

Used to describe a place that maximises the positives of a living space. It is often used in relation to rural areas with low pollution levels and plenty of green open space, unspoilt natural area, traditional (old fashioned) way of life and jobs.

39
Q

industrialisation

A

The rapid growth of secondary industries such as factories, including the creation of secondary sector jobs. In the UK, this was mostly in the 19th centaury as is known as the Industrial Revolution, but there was also industrial growth in the 1960s.

40
Q

inequality

A

Differences in income and wealth, and well-being, between individuals, groups within a community or communities within a society.

41
Q

infrastructure investment

A

When money is spent by the government on projects to connect major towns and cities eg HS2

42
Q

innovation

A

A new idea, more effective invention or process within an industry, service or community.

43
Q

internal migration

A

The movement of people within a country, where the move is a change of permanent residence for at least one year.

44
Q

international migration

A

The movement of people from one country to another, where the move is a change of permanent residence for at least one year.

45
Q

life cycle stage

A

Each person experiences various stages during their lifetime, such as a child living with their parents, a young married couple. At each stage the opinions and needs of the person change.

46
Q

life expectancy

A

The average number of years an individual is likely to live from birth.

47
Q

lived experience

A

During a persons lifetime they will have different experiences, depending on their family situation, family culture, education experiences, life cycle and personal interests. These affect their judgements about places and situations and lead to their perceptions, views and opinions.

48
Q

media

A

The various ways of presenting information to people, including printed materials such as journals and magazines, broadcast through radio and television or online newspapers and blogs.

49
Q

migration

A

The movement of people from one place to another for at least one year with the intentions of settling permanently in the new location.

50
Q

mortality rate

A

The number of deaths per thousand people due to a specific cause of death or age group, such as cancer mortality or child mortality.

51
Q

multicultural

A

The existence, acceptance, or promotion of multiple cultural traditions within a single geographic area such as a country or city.

52
Q

perception

A

The view of a place or issue based on feelings and experience; a qualitative judgement.

53
Q

planning

A

The decision-making process of a national, regional or local body (government, county council, local authority or planning department0, which decides where to locate things like new hoses and where to regenerate, redevelop or renew.

54
Q

policy decisions

A

Significant decisions made by a government in the national interest, perhaps when local interests are conflicting.

55
Q

political engagement

A

The willingness and ability of people to get involved in voting for governments or joining pressure groups that are trying to bring about change.

56
Q

population density

A

The number of people living within an area, usually measured per square kilometre. Core and urban areas have higher population densities, while peripheral and rural areas have lower population densities.

57
Q

population growth

A

The increase in the numbers of people living within a defined area or place, usually given as a percentage per year.

58
Q

population structure

A

The number of people within each age group and by gender. It is usually shown in a bar graph known as a population pyramid.

59
Q

post-production

A

Developing a place after decline, often through a marketing strategy to re-image the place so that people see it differently and more positively.

60
Q

quality of life index

A

an attempt to objectively quantify the life-satisfaction of people living in a particular place

61
Q

rebranding

A

Creating a new look or reputation for an area, often relying on an area’s industrial past or literary frame; altering the feel and attitude people have towards it.

62
Q

regeneration

A

The process of improving a rural or urban place by making positive changes. These include knocking down derelict buildings and building new ones (redevelopment), improving the existing buildings and area (renewal) or changing the image of a place through redesign and publicity.

63
Q

regional disparity

A

The economic and perhaps cultural, gap between different parts of a country, with a wealthy core region and a poorer peripheral region.

64
Q

re-imaging

A

Part of a regeneration strategy by changing the image or name of a place and therefore how people view it.

65
Q

resilience

A

The ability of a community to resist the impacts of a hazard by adapting or recovering.

66
Q

rural-urban continuum

A

The whole range of area and place types, from the remotest peripheral rural area to the CBD of a large city. It includes successful rural areas, the rural urban fringe and suburbs.

67
Q

segregation

A

The separation of groups from other groups, either by force or by the choice of that group.

68
Q

sink estates

A

Council housing estates in Britain that score badly on the Index of multiple deprivation.

69
Q

social clustering

A

Groups of people frequently living close to people of a similar background to feel more comfortable in their daily lives. This may be voluntary, or partly forced by economic factors such as poverty and affordability of housing. Sometimes known as polarisation.

70
Q

social exclusion

A

The inability of a group of people to become involved in the cultural activities of a place.

71
Q

socio-economic impacts

A

The effects on people (social) and businesses and employment (economic) of an event or process.

72
Q

spiral of decline

A

An on-going series of problems in an area, where one problem can lead to others, which in turn reinforces the problem.

73
Q

stakeholders

A

An individual or group of people who have an interest in the outcome of decisions made to change urban or rural areas.

74
Q

urbanisation

A

An increase in the proportion of a population that lives in urban areas, a result of rural to urban migration which causes the growth of urban settlements.

Edexcel A level- Geo (18 decks)

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