Regeneration - Key Terms Flashcards
Central Business District
the area of a city which is usually the hub of finance, service and retail.
Centrifugal Forces
forces which push people apart - e.g. changes in employment.
Centripetal Forces
forces which draw people together - e.g. a strong sense of community.
Cost-Benefit Analysis
a process by which the financial, social and environmental costs are weighed up against the benefits of a proposal.
Deindustrialisation
the decline of manufacturing industry in an area.
Destination Tourism
the decision to visit an area for a short period, based on a single attraction (e.g. a wish to visit a particular restaurant or attraction) - other nearby places the receive visitors on the back of this.
Enterprise Zones
small area which offers incentives to attract companies, such as tax discounts and a reduction in planning permission requirements.
Fracking
the process of drilling down into horizontal layers of shale deep underground and then injecting a mixture of water, sand and chemicals at high pressure into the shale to fracture it and release gas trapped in the rock which can then be brought to the surface.
Gentrification
a change in social status, whereby former working class inner city areas become more occupied and renewed by the middle class.
Index of Multiple Deprivation
an overall measure of deprivation which incorporates income, employment, education, health, crime, barriers to housing and services and living environment.
Knowledge Economy
associated with the quaternary sector of industry which provides highly specialised jobs that use expertise in fields such as finance, law and IT.
Lorenz Curve
a graph to show and measure any inequality by comparing it to a line of perfect quality.
Market-Led Regeneration
the improvement of an area which is driven by the potential needs and wants of customers.
Multiplier Effect
when success in one business creates further wealth and spending, boosting the economic development of the local economy as a whole.
Negative Multiplier
a downward spiral or cycle, where economic conditions produce less spending and less incentive for businesses to invest (therefore, reducing opportunities).
New Economy
where GDP is earned more through expertise and creativity in services such as finance and media than from the manufacture of goods.
Players
those involved in an issue, proposal or project - sometimes also called stakeholder - they have an interest or stake in what is happening.
Positive Feedback
enhances and speeds up processes, promoting rapid change.
Post-Production Countryside
the situation in rural areas when the ‘old economy’, consisting of mainly primary sector jobs, has declined.
Rebranding
ways in which a place is deliberately reinvented for economic reasons and then marketed using its new identity to attract new investors.
Regeneration
redeveloping former industrial areas or outdated housing to bring about economic and social change.
Re-imaging
how the image of a place has changed - e.g. changing how it’s portrayed in the media - this term is used by those in charge of regeneration and rebranding and also by tourist agencies when developing new images of particular places.
Re-urbanisation
a flow of people back into cities to live (reversing decades of population decline).
Rural-Urban Continuum
the spectrum which moves from a large city or conurbation to countryside areas.
