Regeneration EQ4 - Regeneration success/stakeholders Flashcards
What is legacy?
The longer term effects of a regeneration scheme
What are the 3 economic measures of regeneration?
- employment
- income
- poverty
Relative and absolute - within areas and in comparison to more successful areas
How should the success of regeneration be measured?
By a range of criteria (indicators) over a short and longer time scale, both within areas and in comparison to more successful areas
What is the difference between a relative scale and an absolute scale?
Absolute scales start at a minimum point and only progress in one direction.
Relative scales are geographical scales and do not have a fixed reference - compares to other locations
Why is regeneration success difficult to measure?
Evidence of success can be difficult to quantify:
- regeneration projects have different aims and therefore measures may differ
- regeneration schemes designed to be successful in the long term rather than just a quick fix, so progress may not be seen initially
- rebranding is often associated with regeneration and this is hard to quantify the success of
What are the measures of social progress?
- reductions in inequalities
- improvements in social measures of deprivation
- demographic changes (life expectancy, health)
What is one more complex social measure used to measure regeneration?
The IMD’s health deprivation and disability domain
What are 2 measures of the effectiveness of environmental improvements?
- reduction in pollution levels
- reduction in abandoned and derelict land
How do regeneration schemes include improving the quality of the built environment?
- redeveloping derelict land and buildings
decontaminate brownfield land - creating new parks and green spaces (trees, wetlands etc)
- putting in place street furniture and improving area designed (graffiti removal)
What are the 2 basic effects of regeneration based on physical upgrades in buildings and space (focused solely on economic)?
- forcing out locals via unintended regeneration as properties become unaffordable
- direct impact on individuals’ lives
What can a lack of success in social, economic and environmental measures lead to?
A spiral of decline
What factors affect perception of success?
- media coverage
- age
- stance on development and change
- ethnicity
- gender
- personal experience with change
- personal perceptions and attachment
What is a stakeholder?
Any groups or individuals involved in, or interested in, regeneration
What are stakeholder views dependent on?
Meaning/lived experience
The impacts of change on reality and image of a place
Who are the different urban stakeholders?
- national government and planners
- local councils
- developers
- local businesses
- local communities
What was Salford Quays like before regeneration?
Docks had declined and shut in 1970s
Leaving polluted waterways, derelict land and a spiral of decline
How was Salford Quays regenerated?
Created MediaCity UK, housing BBC and ITV to create new job opportunities etc
Culture: Lowry and Imperial War Museum North
90 hectares of industrial land redeveloped
SALFORD QUAYS: What did existing residents want from regeneration, and how did they measure the success of the project?
Want - better housing, community facilities, jobs
Measures success by - rising income, health, community spirit, improved access to services
E.g., in 2013 local historians and local people were upset when two iconic industrial quayside cranes were demolished. Only 24 of the 680 new jobs at the BBC in Salford had gone to local people
SALFORD QUAYS: What did national government want from regeneration, and how did they measure the success of the project?
Want - project to fit in with national priorities (Northern Powerhouse)
Measure success by - reduced out migration, increase regional output/GVA
SALFORD QUAYS: What did local businesses want from regeneration, and how did they measure the success of the project?
Want - increased local population, especially of wealthier residents
Measure succes by - rising population, hiring rates
SALFORD QUAYS: What did local council want from regeneration, and how did they measure the success of the project?
Want - improvement in external image to encourage inward investment, reduced deprivation
Measures success by - job creation, IMD, areas of land brought back into usage
SALFORD QUAYS: What did property developers want from regeneration, and how did they measure the success of the project?
Want - profit, good image to drive sales
Measures by - profit v investment ratios, increased land values
Who are rural stakeholders?
- landowners
- farmers
- government’s Defra (department for environment, food and rural affairs)
- National Parks
Where are hotly contested rural regions?
- urban-rural fringe
- greenbelts
- National Parks
What is the history behind the North Antrim Coast?
The Giant’s Causeway area was designated a World Heritage site in 1986 due to it’s unique geology and striking landscape
What were the plans for regeneration on the North Antrim Coast?
Plans to develop a £100 million golf resort called Bushmill Dunes
Who were the opponents to the Bushmill golf course and what were their reasons for opposition?
National Trust and UNESCO
Landscape change too close to the protected coastline, in a protected ‘buffer zone’
What were the reasons for the regeneration plan on the North Antrim Coast?
Tourism could help to secure Northern Ireland’s prosperity - Causeway already attracts hundreds of millions of visitors annually
Why was the Eden Project a successful regeneration scheme?
The management was a partnership between public and private investors ALONGSIDE local planners
What is the Egan Wheel?
Devised to help facilitate the process of planning and designing new sustainable places - can be used to assess how sustainable the community or idea being developed is.
