Regeneration EQ3 - Management of regeneration Flashcards
What are the 3 main types of UK government policy decisions?
- infrastructure investment (in order to maintain growth and improve accessibility to regenerate regions
- development such as house building and fracking (affecting economic regeneration)
- UK gov decision on international migration and deregulation of capital markets (impacts potential for growth and investment)
What is infrastructure?
The basic physical systems and services that a country needs in order to work effectively
What is reimaging?
Making a place more attractive/desirable to live in/invest in
Disassociating an area from previous bad images
What is rebranding?
The ‘marketing’ aspect of regeneration, designed to attract businesses and residents
Attempts to represent areas as being more attractive by changing public perception of them
What are 2 examples of UK infrastructure investment?
- Heathrow airport expansion
- HS2
What is the Heathrow airport expansion, and what are the pros?
Expansion plan at Heathrow which includes a brand new 3rd runway
Pros: could generate £100 billion for the UK economy, Heathrow is already operating at full capacity, create 70,000 new jobs
What are the cons of Heathrow expansion plans?
Heathrow is already the greatest emitter of CO2 nationally, community destruction (compulsory purchase orders), noise pollution
What is HS2 and its pros?
High Speed Two is a new high speed railway network connect London to Birmingham, Manchester, and Leeds
Pros - reverse North-South divide (Northern Powerhouse), take pressure off existing infrastructure, ‘carbon neutral’, reduces journey times
What are the cons of HS2?
Likely to create jobs in London, environmental costs, exceeded budget of £50 billion - now £100 bil, behind schedule (not till 2040s), rail growth has actually dipped in recent years
What are the factors affecting regeneration policies?
- location (urban or rural)
- politics of local area
- external factors
- legacy of past regeneration projects
- quality of bid for private investment
- degree of pump priming required
What is pump priming?
Using money from national and local governments to make an area more attractive to investors by improving derelict sites, transport, power and water supply, so that private companies can choose to invest
What was the deregulation of capital markets and how did it boost London’s economy?
Deregulating financial markets - ‘Big Bang’
Ending Stock Exchange’s monopoly and removing entry barriers
Allowed London to host European Banks - in 2008 finance and banking created 30% of UK GDP
What are the arguments for and against migration?
For - increased GDP, more workers
Against - ethnic tensions, ‘taking’ jobs, increased population puts pressure on services
What is the current government policy on immigration?
Aims to reduce mass immigration as only the ‘beneficial’ are allowed to stay
UK gov 2010 pledged to cut net migration to 100,000 a year
What are the 3 aspects of the role of government planning for economic regeneration?
- planning laws
- planning for fracking
- planning for housing needs (affordability and building targets)
Examples of UK planning policies that are important in the context of regeneration?
- Greenbelt - protected green land that prevents urban sprawl
- Conservation areas like National Parks have strict building regulations
- Planning laws allow for some developments that are ‘in the national interest’ such as fracking (even though this would normally not be allowed)
- National house building targets (not normally met)
What are science parks?
Industrial and business parks focused on the quaternary industry and usually involve at least one university partner
What is the role of science parks?
Sympathetic business environment
Key planning mechanism to attract high value quaternary fields in the UK - over 100 in the UK
What is an example of a science park?
NETPark County Durham
- partnered by Durham University
- built in 2000, now host 25 companies employing about 400 people
How can local interest groups be categorised?
By their viewpoint/stance:
- socioeconomic (Chamber of Commerce, trade unions)
- environment (conservation societies)
What is a Chamber of Commerce?
Organisations which represent businesses and industry in a local area, and persuade local and national governments to invest in infrastructure, education and skills training
What is a trade union?
An organisation made up of members who are mainly workers, with the main aim being to protect and advance the interests of its members in the workplace
Why can regeneration lead to conflict between local players?
Regeneration inevitably leads to change:
- in the physical fabric of an area
- in the population of area (newcomers move in)
What were the tensions created by the 2012 Olympic Park?
- Clay Lane Housing cooperative was compulsory purchased in 2007 to make way for Olympic site developments, causing 430 residents to move
- many olympic related jobs were only temporary construction jobs
- gentrification increased rents
- few jobs actually went to locals
