Regeneration-EQ3 Flashcards
What is the UK government responsible for?
Considering the level of inequality across the country, as disparity between places and regions does not aid the overall development of the country.
Where is there a clear and evident gap between in the UK?
Between the North and the South, in which the South is dominated by the metropolitan region of London
What has led to large inequalities and lack of labour mobility in the North East?
Lack of investment in rail infrastructure
What are some of the issues in the North East?
Whereas a 65-km journey from Middlesbrough to Newcastle takes 90 minutes, a journey of the same distance from Chelmsford in Essex to London takes only 36 minutes.
-The main arterial road between Leeds and Manchester (the M62) is often jammed, and the main road from Newcastle to Scotland is still a single carriageway.
-Spending on infrastructure is £2595 per person per year in London, compared to just £5 in the North East.
How has the UK government tried to address this imbalance?
By developing a so-called ‘northern powerhouse’ (2015), where infrastructure investment will connect major industrial towns and cities in the North East and North West.
What do some decisions about infrastructure centre on?
Expanding capacity at London’s main airports (Heathrow and Gatwick) and building a Crossrail to ease congestion in Central London.
What are other schemes taking place outside the capital region?
Other schemes outside the capital region include High Speed 2 (H52) , a rail link planned between London and Birmingham and then to Leeds and Manchester. High Speed 1 has already been constructed between London St Pancras and Kent.
What is one project in the North which is nearing completion?
The Northern Hub project, a series of improvements to the rail network around Manchester.
What group was formed in 2011 and what was their aim?
Ten local council united to form the GMCA and took control of the city’s policy as well as other things.
What is one thing that has been made due to the action of the GMCA?
A short curved station of track has been built to connect Manchester’s two main railway stations and the airport station south of the city. Main stations have been expanded and journey times to Liverpool, Sheffield and Newcastle have decreased.
What is the Government also funding?
Electrification projects in Manchester, Liverpool and Blackpool and across to Leeds, allowing for cheaper, faster and longer electric trains.
Improving the access for a larger pool of labour, who is expected to see an increase?
Business is expected to increase and it is hoped that the £600 million investment will eventually yield economic growth of £2.4 billion.
Why can’t the positive impact of these decisions be taken for granted?
-Nearly a decade after HS1 was completed, new stations are still surrounded by undeveloped land, although London itself has continued to see tremendous economic growth.
-But with air connections from regional airports such as Newcastle to New York and Dubai improving and control over housing, education and health also in the hands of super local authorities in the North West, the overall aim of the national government in 2015 was to ensure that growth is not concentrated in one place in the UK.
What impacts can plans for development potentially have?
A significant impact on the natural environment and people’s lives but the decision may be deemed as being in the national interest.
What impacts can happen due to the decisions that the UK government make?
Affect the rate and type of development which then affect the economic regeneration of both urban and rural regions.
Why are many planning laws in place?
To limit the negative impact of development and regeneration on the social, economic and natural environment.
Why have house prices rapidly increased in the UK?
Due to the rise in single owner-occupancy, longer life expectancy and a lack of housing supply.
What is the government under more pressure for in terms of housing?
To get builders to build more homes- claimed that 1 million new homes needed by 2020
What decision is particularly controversial?
The decision to permit hydraulic fracturing (fracking)
Relating to fracking, what is being done by the government?
They are loosening the regulations to make it easier for local councils to win approval for fracking
Often, where are potential mining sites found?
Beneath large cities, valuable farmland and national parks
What has deregulation of capital markets since the 1970s made it much easier for?
For companies to locate in the UK and for foreign companies to invest in the UK’s infrastructure.
What also encourages companies to trade in London?
The UK’s common law legal system, where cases are decided on the basis of previous judicial outcomes.
What is one of the world’s largest stock markets?
London Stock Exchange
Why has the government decided to halve the proposed banking levy?
Financial regulation are now tighter making it harder for banks to make risky business investments
What is another major government decision that has helped the regeneration of local areas?
Opening the UK’s borders to migration
When and who joined the EU?
In 2004, eight eastern European countries followed by 2 more in 2007
What did this cause in terms of migration?
Many people from these countries migrated to the UK-including Poles which are now the second largest ethnic minority group in the UK after Indians
What has now happened to these Poles?
Some have returned home but many have settled in the UK in towns such as Slough and Corby and other rural market towns and small cities which have become some of the fastest-growing parts of the UK.
What was Coby previously reliant on and what is it mainly focused on now?
Previously reliant on the manufacturing industry for employment opportunities but now many East European entrepreneurs have set up many businesses there.
