Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geography-Regeneration > Regeneration-EQ2 > Flashcards

Regeneration-EQ2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Geography flashcards World Geography flashcards
1
Q

What do some parts of a country attract if they are highly desirable?

A

Inward migration, sometime internationally but more typically from elsewhere in the country.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is Cumulative Causation triggered by?

A

New Industry, often a TNC, which attracts employees and a host of supporting companies such as the ones involved with supplies, infrastructure and leisure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is created by a variety of jobs as time goes on?

A

A two-tier economy with the risk that many workers in well-paid jobs will be out-prices by the housing markets, when high demands leads to high property prices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is there a shortage of which is required by the new growing economy?

A

Skill shortages with insufficient trained workers to do the quaternary and quinary jobs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the issues with solving these issues?

A

They require either investment in training or recruitment of workers from overseas and to alleviate high prices, building more affordable housing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do the benefits of these changes mean for places?

A

That they often have low levels of multiple deprivation and benefit from the constant renewal and improvement of infrastructure and the living environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why does a region decline in places that have suffered from deindustrialisation?

A

If workers are unable to utilise a different set of skills, unemployment can trigger a downward spiral of economic decay.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What impact can this have on towns?

A

If they are already having a spiral of decline it can become almost impossible to reverse.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is the quality of life in areas within such towns reflected?

A

By a index of multiple deprivation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is this statistic used?

A

By the government to identify relative deprivation, ranking each area on a scale from 1 to 32,844

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Who is in the Rust Belt?

A

Compromises the states of Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Pennsylvania and New York.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What was the Rust Belt previously?

A

It was once a major industrial hub, with many industrial cities home to steel mills, car manufactures and other heavy industry.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When did the growth of this region begin?

A

In the late 19th century and early 20th century, as a result of the industrial revolution, Henry Ford’s production line enabling Detroit to become ‘The motor city’.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When did the decline of this region begin?

A

In the 1970s, as the steel and auto industries began to move overseas or to other parts of the country.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What did this decline result in?

A

An increase in unemployment, and a decrease in population in many cities. The decline of the region has been linked to a number of factors, including automation, globalisation, and the decline of the coal and steel industries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What has the decline of the region been attributed to?

A

The shift in the US economy away from manufacturing and towards the service sector.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In summary, what is the rust belt as a key concept?

A

-First coined in 1980’s
-Reference to once powerful manufacturing region famous for steel and car production
-Fell into economic decline following automation, global shift and increased free trade
-Concentration of problems-loss of core employment, large scale, deindustrialisation, derelict buildings and land

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a case study for a successful place?

A

Sydney, Australia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a case study for a declining place?

A

The Rust Belt, USA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

To create a sustainable community, what needs to happen?

A

The economy needs to grow, poverty and disadvantage needs to be tackled and communities may need to be culturally mixed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does the most successful schemes begin?

A

With an assessment of the problems then use that information to create a vision for the future followed by an action plan.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the responsibility of local and national governments to decide in terms of money?

A

Decide where financial resources should be spent in order to reduce the level of economic and social inequalities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why are there priorities for regeneration?

A

Due to significant variation in both economic and social inequalities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are common feature of inequalities?

A

Social segregation and residential sorting

25
Q

Why are Social segregation and residential sorting self reinforcing?

A

As conditions decline in struggling neighbourhoods

26
Q

In both rural and urban areas, what are there significant inequalities between?

A

Places that are often spatially very close as often in urban areas where very deprived areas can be found next toa areas with almost no deprivation

27
Q

What is very common about areas which need regeneration and those that don’t?

A

Often found very close together.
Rich, gates communities can be found right next to ‘sink estates’ in cities and towns

28
Q

What are Gated Communities?

A

Are wealthy residential areas which are fenced off and have security gates and entry systems. These are increasingly on the rise in the UK.

29
Q

What are Sink Estates?

A

Are council housing estates that are the least desirable to love in and have the shortest waiting list for housing. They are characterised by high levels of economic and social deprivation and crime, especially domestic violence, drugs and gang warfare. Tend to house the lowest income, most in need residents.

30
Q

In rural areas, what might be located next to successful prosperous villages?

A

Only a few miles away from less attractive rural villages suffering population decline and service deprivation.

31
Q

What is civic engagement?

A

The ease in which people participate in their community in order to improve the quality of life for others or to shape their community’s future.

32
Q

What may be included in civic engagement?

A

Volunteering, setting up community services to benefit others or perhaps supporting a local charity

33
Q

What does civic engagement also mean?

A

Also means people voting in local and national elections, knowing who their local MPs and councillors are or even standing for an election themselves.

34
Q

What is important to understand about residents?

A

Understand how residents see themselves and the places in which they live and how their views and opinions may contrast with those of governments and companies-the players involved in deciding regeneration priorities and plans.

35
Q

What do these ‘top down’ decision makers do?

A

Wield more power and influence than local residents, whose different lived experience may reflect inequalities but their decisions may increase those very inequalities.

36
Q

What may this situation cause?

A

Political apathy, when people unwillingly accept the conditions they find themselves living in but feel powerless to do anything about them.

37
Q

What may produce greater community engagement?

A

If local residents object strongly to proposed local regeneration and development plans because of perceived inequalities, their sense of frustration will produce this engagement

38
Q

Why is voting in local and national elections or protesting important?

A

So local viewpoints are represented

39
Q

Why does lived experience of and attachment to place vary?

A

-Age
-Gender
-Ethnicity
-Length of Residence
-Deprivation

40
Q

What do these factors impact?

A

On the level of engagement

41
Q

What did the results from IPSOS Mori that were published about an audit of political engagement show?

A

That those aged between 18 and 24, that there is a decline in political engagement.

42
Q

What fell dramatically from 1992 to 2001?

A

National election turnout as well as willingness to do something more to influence decisions such as boycotting products or signing petitions.

43
Q

What does increased political engagement around the UK often reflect?

A

Increase mobilisation of minority groups in different communities

44
Q

After the legislations of same-sex marriage in 2013, what happened to the political engagement in areas of London?

A

They began to reflect discussions and disagreements from across the cultural and political spectrum, not just a desire for progressive social policy, as advocated by the Labour and Liberal Democrat Parties.

45
Q

What did the research by the Electoral Commission suggests that those who experience social deprivation?

A

That they tend to be the most politically excluded.

46
Q

When did migration to the UK from across the British Empire increase?

A

After the Second World War, owing to demand for labour to support post-war reconstruction

47
Q

What did this lead to?

A

The creation of many culturally diverse communities throughout the country

48
Q

Who can loyalty to a particular city or region can be more important to?

A

People in the UK than their own religion or ethnicity. Certain races and their political participation are concentrated in certain parts of the UK.

49
Q

What does political engagement often reflect?

A

The need to protect the past and present-a need to respond to imposed changes from outside.

50
Q

What result in radically different views about the need for regeneration?

A

Different groups within a city often contrasting experiences day-to-day

51
Q

What were the initial causes of London riots?

A

-Mark Duggan was shot dead by police, prompting protesters to call for justice for his family
-Urban deprivation
-Poor relationships between police and black community in Tottenham
-Police stop-and-search tactics
-Anger about bonuses paid to bankers
-Unusually warm summer
-Increase university tuition fees
-Government cutback to EMA
-High youth unemployment
-Alienated and disaffected youth population
-Petty criminality

52
Q

How will decision makers get data before devising plans for regeneration?

A

Data from both qualitative and quantitative sources during a research phase

53
Q

How is Qualitative data provided?

A

-Informal Representations through contrasting media e.g. Local Community Groups

54
Q

How is Quantitative Data provided?

A

Formal representations (statistical evidence) such as through Census or Index of Multiple Deprivation

55
Q

What do qualitative sources explore and develop an appreciation and understanding for?

A

Of the views of different stakeholders on the priorities for regeneration such as different newspapers writing contrasting political slants typically showcasing one particular.

56
Q

What is an alternative way for a representation and an interpreted meaning of a place to be created?

A

Throughout different media, books, films, music or art

57
Q

What is required when deciding to use this evidence?

A

Requires an assumption and acknowledgement that in addition to an objective ‘scientific’ and data-led analysis of places-qualitative viewpoints are valuable.

58
Q

In order to evaluate the needs for regeneration, what must decision-makers, planners, architects and geographers must try to understand?

A

The perspective of the people who live there and how others influence their lives and the power relationships that are created as a result.

Geography-Regeneration (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions