Regeneration EQ3 Flashcards
How does infrastructure investment maintain growth and improve accessibility to regenerate regions ?
- infrastructure is the basic physical systems of a place
- regional growth is determined by infrastructure development, without correct infrastructure it is harder for regions to develop
- investment in infrastructure and addressing issues with accessibility are seen as major factors in maintaining economic growth
- the high cost of infrastructure projects means government funds are often mixed with private investment.
- since the 1980s there has been an increased privatisation partnership between government and private finances.
Outline key facts from the HS2 case study
- HS2 is a high speed railway that will go from London to cities in the North
- planned construction of HS2 goes against all government transport policies since 1945, which was to focus on expanding roads rather than railways. However the road building programme cannot keep up with the pace of growing vehicle use
✅ improved journey time between major cities (London to Birmingham silk be cut from 80mins to 45mins)
✅ estimated 60000 jobs will be created
❌ planned route will pass through the chilterns AONB
❌ there’s no intermediate stations so communities along the route gain nothing
What are the arguments for HS2
1) will be good for business and rebuild Britain’s economy
2) will help with the north south divide
3) reduces domestic air travel and carbon emissions
4) means people will be able to live outside if London while working in London as commuting is easier
What are the arguments against HS2
1) it’s not the right investment of money
2) it’s bad for the countryside and the communities affected
3) HS2 rail extension to Leeds scrapped and its already way over budget
How do the rate and type of development differ in urban and rural regions
1) planning laws
- deciding how land is used. It helps to create places where people want to live and invest in. Central and local governments have controlled all aspects of development since 1948 through a plan led scheme
2) house building targets
- national government has threatened that councils that do not build enough homes to meet targets will lose their control over planning laws
- Kingston’s target is 10,000 new homes in 10 years
3) housing affordability
- 1980s = right to buy scheme meant there was a loss of social rented housing stock which left a shortage of suitable properties for those on low incomes
4) fracking
Outline facts from the permission for fracking case study
- fracking is the process of drilling down into layers of shale deep underground and then injecting a mixture of water, sand and chemicals at high pressure into the shale to fracture it
✅ fracking would add to the UK’s home produced natural gas supplies and reduce the need for imported gas
❌ can lead river small minor earthquakes
What impact does the government have on potential growth?
1986—> the UK’s financial centre was to be deregulated which resulted in new ear of prosperity for the UK’s financial sector. It involved the following changes:
1) opening the UK’s borders to international migration is a government decision that has led to rapid economic growth and regeneration in many towns and cities
2) government deregulation of capital markets has enabled foreign investment in British property markets
- London dock lands regeneration created space for these expanding financial institutions to set up large offices in Canary Wharf
✅ transformed the UK economy so that banking and business serves account for 30% of UK GDP
❌ blamed for 2008 financial crisis
Why do local governments compete to create science parks?
- science park is an area devoted to scientific research or development of technological businesses
- local councils are competing with each other to attract new investment to the areas they govern
- new investment is important, as it boosts economic development and brings more people to their area
- science parks are an example of one strategy that councils use to attract new investment to places. These are areas with social benefits for quaternary sector industries.
Outline key facts with the Cambridge science park
- one of the worlds largest, and its closely linked to the university
- it was built in the 1970s on a redundant site and started to grow rapidly in the 1990s
- it’s expansion attracted companies and large TNCs like Toshiba and Microsoft
Outline key facts with the Oxford science park
- built in the outskirts if the city and is linked to the university
- it bisected the innovation accelerator to encourage high tech, aerospace and medical engineering
- the investment meant that the 1960s car park was replaced by a £500 million shopping centre, and a second railway line to London opened.
What role do local interest groups have in regeneration?
- when regeneration occurs a number of different players are involved, often with differing interests and aims. Tensions mainly due to some wanting to change an area while others wish to preserve it
- their viewpoints may be socioeconomic or environmental
- local interest groups include:
1) chambers of commerce = local organisations that promote interest of local businesses
2) local preservation societies = groups looking after historic sites
3) trade unions = organisations formed to protect the rights of workers
Outline key facts from the Aylesbury regeneration scheme
- This regen scheme was led by Aylesbury vale district council and considered many different players due to the areas past and cultural heritage
- Aylesbury wanted to keep the old Bucks printing press as its historical. This caused conflict as the council wanted to demolish it so that they could build the new Uni
- furthermore, this demolishing in the printing press meant that many new restaurants and shops were opened here which led to a better environment for people to socialise and increased employment and economic growth in the area
What are the different urban and rural regeneration strategies
The aim of regeneration strategies is to attract business investment and workers from different contexts to create vibrant new places in urban and rural areas
Strategies can be sports led ( 2012 London Olympic park) , retail led, culture led, or tourism and leisure led (Powys regeneration partnership)
Outline key facts from the 2012 London Queen Elizabeth Olympic park regeneration
- after the 2012 London Olympics, the Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA) began to redevelop the park. It was re-opened in 2014
- venues such as the Olympic stadium, velodrome, and aquatic centre were converted into public sports facilities
- the Athletes village was converted into 2800 flats and apartments and 7000 new hikes are being built on the edge of the park
- unemployment rate lowered from 13% to 9% between 2013 and 2015
- and the park itself has many walking and cycling paths which promote a healthier place to live and work
Outline key facts from the Powys regeneration partnership
The regeneration strategy was designed too:
- encourage private partners = adds their investment to the councils money in regenerating Powys
- work with local groups to help them to find their own strategies to regenerate their own communities
- try to create multiplier effects from council spending = by buying what the council needs from local suppliers rather than from outside Powys
- improve broadband connectivity throughout Powys = communities with higher broadband speeds have seen young people staying rather then leaving
