Regeneration EQ1 Flashcards
Define regeneration.
The process of improving a rural or urban place by making positive changes. These include knocking down derelict buildings and building new ones.
Define place.
Geographical spaces shaped by individuals and communities over time.
Define gentrification.
A process where wealthy, college-educated individuals begin to move into poor or working-class communities, often originally occupied by communities of colour.
Define studentification
The process by which specific neighbourhoods become dominated by student residential accommodation.
What is rebranding?
Re-imaging places using a variety of media to improve the image of both urban and rural locations and make them more attractive for potential investors.
What is the index of multiple deprivation (IMD)?
An attempt to quantify deprivation in England. It uses 7 domains which are weighted towards income and employment. The lower the number, the more deprived an area is.
What are the 7 domains of the Index of multiple deprivation?
- Income
- Employment
- Education
- Health and disability
- Crime
- Housing
- Living environment
Where are the lowest levels of deprivation found?
In rural areas and commuter belt towns and villages in the South and South East.
Define quality of life.
A measure of the wellbeing and life- satisfaction of people living in a particular place.
What 3 ways does employment affect a place?
- Types of buildings
- Shops/ services
- Housing
Give examples of the 4 economic sectors.
Primary = farming, mining
Secondary = manufacturing
Tertiary = retail services, office work
Quaternary = Scientific research, ICT
Why have primary and secondary sectors declined?
- Depletion of raw materials (e.g. coal supplies
are inaccessible/ difficult and costly to mine). - Mechanisation – the increased use of machines, reducing those employed in the primary
sector. - Fast and efficient/cheap transport for moving
goods. - Lower production costs abroad.
Why have tertiary and quaternary sectors increased?
- Rise in demand for services linked to disposable income.
- The development of new technologies.
- Decrease in employment in the primary and
secondary industries. - People are becoming more educated so can carry out these complex roles.
What is the two speed economy?
Where one area of a country develops at a faster rate than others. e.g south east of the UK and London. London receives more FDI and is the capital.
What does ‘ economically active’ mean?
Those in employment plus those who are unemployed.
What’s the clark fisher model?
Shows how the importance of different sectors is different in countries at different levels of development, over time and over space. It was based on the changing employment structure of the UK.
What are the 5 major factors that have shaped how places change over time?
- Physical factors
- Accessibility and connectedness
- Historical development
- Local and national planning
- Other factors
What are the physical factors of how a place has changed?
- Sea level rise and climate change are causing rapid coastal changes.
- Farmlands are being deforested.
- Proximity to large cities and core economic zones.
- Places vary in attractiveness.
What are the accessibility and connectedness factors of how a place has changed?
- Access to other places by road (especially motorways), rail and air.
- Connections help competition for investment and visitors.
- Fibre optics have made it possible to connect with rural areas.
- Growth of airports has allowed for immigration.
What are the historical development factors of how a place has changed?
- Ex-warehouses, and canals can be a physical asset for places seeking regeneration. Large areas of derelict buildings and the legacy of toxic waste from manufacturing can be a deterrent.
- Primary production (agriculture, farming, fishing) and manufacturing have stopped.
What are the local and national planning factors of how a place has changed?
- Climate change concerns are shaping policy, architecture round the world.
- The national infrastructure plan has designed towns like Bicester.
- Government is considering to build an east- west rail link between oxford and Cambridge.
What are other factors of how a place has changed?
Migration into the UK has changed the character of some towns and cities.
What is the function of a place?
The activities that take place in a particular area or location.
How has the function changed over time in the London Docklands?
Its function was being a major port. The secondary sector dominated the 19th century. They had timber, grain and wool by the 1950s
How have the demographics changed over time in the London docklands?
- The population of London Docklands fell by 20% between 1971 and 1981.
- In more recent years the Docklands is still booming, new upmarket housing schemes have meant that there is now a working population of over 90,000 in the Dockland area.
- The price of a property in the area, to let a 2 bedroom apartment can cost up to £550 per week.
- Brought more than 120,000 new jobs to the Docklands. Specialised in the tertiary and quaternary industries.
- Increase in migrants from 1991-2000, with 19,888 migrating into the Docklands during the decade.
What were the causes of the change in the London Docklands?
- Deindustrialisation
- Global shift: Manufacturing jobs moved abroad leading to the brain drain.
- The Docklands were not designed to support huge ships, by their thousands at one time. They were also not deep enough to allow for the new bigger ships, which reached down a great amount.
What was the name of the organisation in charge of the redevelopment of the area and what were their aims?
Set up by the local government, London Docklands Development Corporation, (LDDC). Ensure housing for all, attract business and investment, bring the land back into use, and create an attractive environment. They invested 1.86 billion pounds into the whole project. Transport was the main investment, where nearly half of the money went.
