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Human Geography > Regeneration > Flashcards

Regeneration Flashcards

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1
Q

Socio Economic Inequalities

Regeneration

A

Job type is the cause of many other inequaltieis

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2
Q

Regional Inequalties - London

A

Incomes are higher as it is the capital in senior position in government and civil service and in company headquarters

Docklands based knowledge economy have higher incomes than average

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3
Q

what percentage of jobs in London occur in the three highest income categories?

A

58%

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4
Q

Variations in quality of life

A

London and South east higher income but housing is higher

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5
Q

What is important to happiness

A

housing affordability

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6
Q

GIS MAP on Happiness

A

North more happy due to housing being cheaper

Mostly in the South East happiness is low due to housing being expensive

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7
Q

Occupation and Life Expectancy stat

A

5-6 years depending on gender between life expectancy in the highest and lowest occupational groups

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8
Q

Income and Health - How is their a link between income, deprivation and health

A

lowest incomes are said to be most deprived.

Top 10% most deprived while least deprived shown as decile 10

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9
Q

Variations in Educational Acheivement

A

Highest qualifications more likely to work in London -> their children likely to pass gcse due to extra tuition

North East lowest

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10
Q

4A.3A

Centrifugal Forces

A

People moving apart - Forcing people apart

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11
Q

Maidstone Employment

A

people live in maidstone - but work in London not maidstone

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12
Q

how does people working not in maidstone effect the place

A

lower sense of belonging as they work elsewhere

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13
Q

how is attachment measured for maidstone

A

local elections - people do not care about the local place

presents of community groups is their a lot or not

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14
Q

Maidstone Regeneration, how is it viewed

A

retail led regenerations - Fremlin Walk

Positively viewed, people come to shop, a lot of visitors to maidstone

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15
Q

Margate Employment

A

High unemployment

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16
Q

Why is margate high levels unemployed, and the impact

A

Relied on domestic tourism - since cheap airlines more people go away and find sun

population moving away - working population moving away due to opportunities being low - spiral of decline

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17
Q

What do local people think about Margate

A

not happy, lack of attachment

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18
Q

Margate and working from home

A

Percentage in Margate working from home is higher than most places

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19
Q

What regeneration has margate done

A

culture and art - attracts local people, focus on the history

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20
Q

what impacts people perceptions of place?

A

how long they have lived their
investment rate
crime rate
educational opportunites

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21
Q

3 main areas central government plays a role in regeneration

A

infrastructure development
rate and type of development
uk government decision about international migration and deregulation of capital markets

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22
Q

what do science parks

A

encouraging investment

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23
Q

what is a science park

A

business support and technology transfer initiative

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24
Q

what does a science park encourage

A

start up and incubation of innovation led, high growth knowledge based business

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25
Q

what does a science park provide

A

environment where larger international business can develop specific and close interactions with centre of knowledge creation for their benefit

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26
Q

How do you measure success

A 
increase employment rate
green space increased
carbon footprint decrease 
tourism 
reduced of crime
higher education attainment
more trade
improved public perception
revenue, profit
house prices
transports links
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27
Q

Private Sector Investment, Example

A

Westfield - East London
Europes Largest shopping centre
Australian company 50% stake, borrowed 700m to build, leasing the space to retail stores to Make money

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28
Q

Public Sector investment

A

2012 Olympic Games, Government bid
Supported by London Assemnbly, Mayor
Games cost recovered - Ticketing, TV Sponsorships, post games sale of apartments and houses

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29
Q

Private, Public Partnerships example

A

London Docklands - 1980s,1990s
Government and property developers involved
costs regarded as economic investment, socially advantageous

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30
Q

Urban Regeneration - London Docklands

what type of regenration?

A 
Sport led regeneration
Market led regeneration
Canary Wharf 
Secondary sector moved to quartantary sector
Cross rail investment - transport links
31
Q

Social advantages of East London regeneration

Olympics

A

Unemployment rate overall fell across London during Olympics
Aqautics centre used for schools, communities and athletes
helped schools in the areas , new school in the grounds of the park
Olympic parkland = 5 neighbourhoods = housing 8000
Half homes will be affordable

32
Q

Social cons of East London regeneration

Olympics

A

very few jobs for local people
high levels unemployment in the borough
people around Olympic Park in poverty
450 housing association. flats were torn down to make way for the site

33
Q

Economic, Pros for East London

Olympics

A

Infrastructure - two underground lines too Kings Cross
Olympic generated 10billion in extra income
Olympic Venue sold off - final one 300m media centre

34
Q

Economic, Cons for East London

Olympics

A

rent and property prices have gone up
cost 710 million pounds - x3 original investment
8 billion bill for tax money - 5billion over budget

35
Q

Environmental, Pros East London

Olympics

A

grounds kept for parklands open too public
stadiums 25% recycled material
River Lea runs through Olympic Park - improved water quality
Green areas along the bank

36
Q

Environmental Cons, East London

Olympics

A

wildlife relocated, 4000 Smoot newts, 100 toads, 300 common lizards
Fish and Pikes eels removed
Materials came from overseas
produced 3.3 million tons of CO2

37
Q

Key players of 2012 Olympics

A

Local Government - elected councils
Central Government
Regional Government - London Assembly
Stakeholders

38
Q

UK Central Government 2012 Games Success

A

Use of olympic venues post 2012
increase employment
more housing

39
Q

Local Government 2012 Government, Key players

A

no planning control over new developments

40
Q

Stakeholders, London 2012, Key players

A

most companies relocated within local areas, many works faced longer commute

41
Q

Regional Government - London Assembly Key players 2012

A

ensuring transportation was effective during games

supporting house expansion in east London after 2012

42
Q

why did London docklands fall in decline

A 
container ships became larger -> cranes replaced workers - docks fell into disuse 
1978-1983 12000 jobs lost
60% adult men unemployed In east London 
Industries closed such as Lea Valley
Population declined fell by 100,000
43
Q

what was formed in 1981 and the aim to regenerate docklands

A

LDDC (London Docklands, Development Corporation

aim to encourage growth

44
Q

5 project in Cornwall

A

Watergate, Eden Project, Wave Hub, Super-fast broadband, Combined Universities

45
Q

WaterGate Bay - Cornwall Information

A

extreme sport academy

15 jaime Oliver restaurants - training local people

46
Q

Combined Universities - Cornwall

A

Wide range universities courses

supports and encourages students to set up business

47
Q

Wave Hub - Cornwall

A

wave power research project
£42m to build (EU,UK GOV,SWRDA)
will earn £76m over 25 years for Cornwall economy
170 jobs

48
Q

Superfast Broadband - Cornwall

A 
2016 95% of population has access 
world largest rural fibre network
£132m Cost
£58.3m UK
78.5 from BT
economic impact of £200m per year
49
Q

Eden Project - Cornwall

A 
built in an quarry - scar in the landscape 
generated 1.1billion for economy
13m visitors 
employed 650 
used 2700 local supplies 
developed Cornish tourism
50
Q

UK Central Government - Cornwall Regenration

A

before 2010, South West Regional Development Agency made investment grants that came from central government
Most investment grants have been cut and now given out directly by central government

51
Q

Local Government - Cornwall Regeneration

A 
public sector (NHS, Cornwall Council) is Cornwall largest employer
Cornwall Council no start up funding to businesses, does offer rebates on business taxes - enterprise zone at Newquay
52
Q

Local enterprise partnership

A

supports business growth, little funding available - only exports, training or start up advice

53
Q

Stakeholders in local economy

A

biggest players - banks, cut back investment in small businesses since 2008
biggest industries are tourism, food, farming. Want greater economic expansion

54
Q

Environmental Stakeholder- Cornwall

A

Cornwall biggest asset is scenery and environment
English Heritage, national Trust, all own large areas
Cornwall huge potential wave and wind renewables enetgies

55
Q

Stakeholders in People - Cornwall

A

Education - Combined Univerisites - Cornwall PE Collgeue

56
Q

Local views on Cornwall

A

69 new houses was a proposed build by Grampound Parish Council - supported overwhelmingly

57
Q

factors that affect changing places

A

physical
accessibility
historical development
role of planning bu governments

58
Q

central government hs2

A

government are pivotal as private businesses do not see how it can help HS2. Government wants to increase connectivity, so they pay for the project

59
Q

what is hs2

A

high speed rail between London Birmingham

60
Q

Heathrow expansion

A

18 billion private funded, public funded to support infrastructure
100 billion generated, protect 114,000 jobs create 70,000

61
Q

anti expansion for Heathrow

A

Londons mayor, ops and local national protest groups such as plane stupid greenspace CPRE

62
Q

pro expansion for Heathrow

A

business leaders, British chambers of commerce and Richard Branson

63
Q

Cambridge Science Park Case Study

A

attract investment from other sources by representing areas
Linked with university, built in 1970s grew in 1990s
attracted foreign tncs like AstraZeneca

64
Q

Fracking Central government

A

Government needs to approve fracking (getting natural gasses from underground. Government may want fracking to be carbon secure, Fracking = increase revenue
Obstacles = local stakeholders against fracking
NIMB – not in my backyard – don’t want fracking near,

65
Q

Deregulation Central Government

A

financial sector being deregulated in 1986
allowed foreign investors to invest in uk without seeking approval
30% of the uk GDP businesses

66
Q

why did Cornwall need regenerating

A

rural areas less productive
decline in primary sector - farming, fishing, tin and copper mining
remote from uk not ideal for operating International and national

67
Q

housing demand central government

A

demand high = population growth, demand for different housing types
divorce rates = people choosing to live in smaller household
government collaborates with business to build and where to build

68
Q

what benefits do enterprise zones for local

A

unlock development sites consolidate infrastructure attract business attract jobs
all business growth generated by enterprise zones kept by relevant local enterprise partnerships

69
Q

benefits of enterprise zones uk economy

A

attract foreign investment into countries, brings jobs and businesses across England
aim = delivering long term, sustainable growth based on cutting-edge technology

70
Q

what is enterprise zones

A

designated areas across England that provide tax breaks and government support,

71
Q

benefits for business enterprise zone

A

100% rate discount worth up to 275000 per business
government support to ensure super fast broadband is rolled out throughout the zone
up to 8 years from the launch of ez to make their investment

72
Q

London docklands gentrification

A

taken place change In social status whereby former working class inner city became occupied and renewed by the middle classes

73
Q

major players east London regeneration

A 
central government
local government 
stakeholders in local economy
environmental stakeholders
stakeholders in people
regional government

Human Geography (4 decks)

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