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Regeneration Flashcards

1
Q

Socio Economic Inequalities

Regeneration

A

Job type is the cause of many other inequaltieis

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2
Q

Regional Inequalties - London

A

Incomes are higher as it is the capital in senior position in government and civil service and in company headquarters

Docklands based knowledge economy have higher incomes than average

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3
Q

what percentage of jobs in London occur in the three highest income categories?

A

58%

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4
Q

Variations in quality of life

A

London and South east higher income but housing is higher

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5
Q

What is important to happiness

A

housing affordability

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6
Q

GIS MAP on Happiness

A

North more happy due to housing being cheaper

Mostly in the South East happiness is low due to housing being expensive

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7
Q

Occupation and Life Expectancy stat

A

5-6 years depending on gender between life expectancy in the highest and lowest occupational groups

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8
Q

Income and Health - How is their a link between income, deprivation and health

A

lowest incomes are said to be most deprived.

Top 10% most deprived while least deprived shown as decile 10

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9
Q

Variations in Educational Acheivement

A

Highest qualifications more likely to work in London -> their children likely to pass gcse due to extra tuition

North East lowest

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10
Q

4A.3A

Centrifugal Forces

A

People moving apart - Forcing people apart

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11
Q

Maidstone Employment

A

people live in maidstone - but work in London not maidstone

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12
Q

how does people working not in maidstone effect the place

A

lower sense of belonging as they work elsewhere

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13
Q

how is attachment measured for maidstone

A

local elections - people do not care about the local place

presents of community groups is their a lot or not

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14
Q

Maidstone Regeneration, how is it viewed

A

retail led regenerations - Fremlin Walk

Positively viewed, people come to shop, a lot of visitors to maidstone

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15
Q

Margate Employment

A

High unemployment

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16
Q

Why is margate high levels unemployed, and the impact

A

Relied on domestic tourism - since cheap airlines more people go away and find sun

population moving away - working population moving away due to opportunities being low - spiral of decline

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17
Q

What do local people think about Margate

A

not happy, lack of attachment

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18
Q

Margate and working from home

A

Percentage in Margate working from home is higher than most places

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19
Q

What regeneration has margate done

A

culture and art - attracts local people, focus on the history

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20
Q

what impacts people perceptions of place?

A

how long they have lived their
investment rate
crime rate
educational opportunites

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21
Q

3 main areas central government plays a role in regeneration

A

infrastructure development
rate and type of development
uk government decision about international migration and deregulation of capital markets

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22
Q

what do science parks

A

encouraging investment

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23
Q

what is a science park

A

business support and technology transfer initiative

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24
Q

what does a science park encourage

A

start up and incubation of innovation led, high growth knowledge based business

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25
what does a science park provide
environment where larger international business can develop specific and close interactions with centre of knowledge creation for their benefit
26
How do you measure success
``` increase employment rate green space increased carbon footprint decrease tourism reduced of crime higher education attainment more trade improved public perception revenue, profit house prices transports links ```
27
Private Sector Investment, Example
Westfield - East London Europes Largest shopping centre Australian company 50% stake, borrowed 700m to build, leasing the space to retail stores to Make money
28
Public Sector investment
2012 Olympic Games, Government bid Supported by London Assemnbly, Mayor Games cost recovered - Ticketing, TV Sponsorships, post games sale of apartments and houses
29
Private, Public Partnerships example
London Docklands - 1980s,1990s Government and property developers involved costs regarded as economic investment, socially advantageous
30
Urban Regeneration - London Docklands | what type of regenration?
``` Sport led regeneration Market led regeneration Canary Wharf Secondary sector moved to quartantary sector Cross rail investment - transport links ```
31
Social advantages of East London regeneration | Olympics
Unemployment rate overall fell across London during Olympics Aqautics centre used for schools, communities and athletes helped schools in the areas , new school in the grounds of the park Olympic parkland = 5 neighbourhoods = housing 8000 Half homes will be affordable
32
Social cons of East London regeneration | Olympics
very few jobs for local people high levels unemployment in the borough people around Olympic Park in poverty 450 housing association. flats were torn down to make way for the site
33
Economic, Pros for East London | Olympics
Infrastructure - two underground lines too Kings Cross Olympic generated 10billion in extra income Olympic Venue sold off - final one 300m media centre
34
Economic, Cons for East London | Olympics
rent and property prices have gone up cost 710 million pounds - x3 original investment 8 billion bill for tax money - 5billion over budget
35
Environmental, Pros East London | Olympics
grounds kept for parklands open too public stadiums 25% recycled material River Lea runs through Olympic Park - improved water quality Green areas along the bank
36
Environmental Cons, East London | Olympics
wildlife relocated, 4000 Smoot newts, 100 toads, 300 common lizards Fish and Pikes eels removed Materials came from overseas produced 3.3 million tons of CO2
37
Key players of 2012 Olympics
Local Government - elected councils Central Government Regional Government - London Assembly Stakeholders
38
UK Central Government 2012 Games Success
Use of olympic venues post 2012 increase employment more housing
39
Local Government 2012 Government, Key players
no planning control over new developments
40
Stakeholders, London 2012, Key players
most companies relocated within local areas, many works faced longer commute
41
Regional Government - London Assembly Key players 2012
ensuring transportation was effective during games | supporting house expansion in east London after 2012
42
why did London docklands fall in decline
``` container ships became larger -> cranes replaced workers - docks fell into disuse 1978-1983 12000 jobs lost 60% adult men unemployed In east London Industries closed such as Lea Valley Population declined fell by 100,000 ```
43
what was formed in 1981 and the aim to regenerate docklands
LDDC (London Docklands, Development Corporation | aim to encourage growth
44
5 project in Cornwall
Watergate, Eden Project, Wave Hub, Super-fast broadband, Combined Universities
45
WaterGate Bay - Cornwall Information
extreme sport academy | 15 jaime Oliver restaurants - training local people
46
Combined Universities - Cornwall
Wide range universities courses | supports and encourages students to set up business
47
Wave Hub - Cornwall
wave power research project £42m to build (EU,UK GOV,SWRDA) will earn £76m over 25 years for Cornwall economy 170 jobs
48
Superfast Broadband - Cornwall
``` 2016 95% of population has access world largest rural fibre network £132m Cost £58.3m UK 78.5 from BT economic impact of £200m per year ```
49
Eden Project - Cornwall
``` built in an quarry - scar in the landscape generated 1.1billion for economy 13m visitors employed 650 used 2700 local supplies developed Cornish tourism ```
50
UK Central Government - Cornwall Regenration
before 2010, South West Regional Development Agency made investment grants that came from central government Most investment grants have been cut and now given out directly by central government
51
Local Government - Cornwall Regeneration
``` public sector (NHS, Cornwall Council) is Cornwall largest employer Cornwall Council no start up funding to businesses, does offer rebates on business taxes - enterprise zone at Newquay ```
52
Local enterprise partnership
supports business growth, little funding available - only exports, training or start up advice
53
Stakeholders in local economy
biggest players - banks, cut back investment in small businesses since 2008 biggest industries are tourism, food, farming. Want greater economic expansion
54
Environmental Stakeholder- Cornwall
Cornwall biggest asset is scenery and environment English Heritage, national Trust, all own large areas Cornwall huge potential wave and wind renewables enetgies
55
Stakeholders in People - Cornwall
Education - Combined Univerisites - Cornwall PE Collgeue
56
Local views on Cornwall
69 new houses was a proposed build by Grampound Parish Council - supported overwhelmingly
57
factors that affect changing places
physical accessibility historical development role of planning bu governments
58
central government hs2
government are pivotal as private businesses do not see how it can help HS2. Government wants to increase connectivity, so they pay for the project
59
what is hs2
high speed rail between London Birmingham
60
Heathrow expansion
18 billion private funded, public funded to support infrastructure 100 billion generated, protect 114,000 jobs create 70,000
61
anti expansion for Heathrow
Londons mayor, ops and local national protest groups such as plane stupid greenspace CPRE
62
pro expansion for Heathrow
business leaders, British chambers of commerce and Richard Branson
63
Cambridge Science Park Case Study
attract investment from other sources by representing areas Linked with university, built in 1970s grew in 1990s attracted foreign tncs like AstraZeneca
64
Fracking Central government
Government needs to approve fracking (getting natural gasses from underground. Government may want fracking to be carbon secure, Fracking = increase revenue Obstacles = local stakeholders against fracking NIMB – not in my backyard – don’t want fracking near,
65
Deregulation Central Government
financial sector being deregulated in 1986 allowed foreign investors to invest in uk without seeking approval 30% of the uk GDP businesses
66
why did Cornwall need regenerating
rural areas less productive decline in primary sector - farming, fishing, tin and copper mining remote from uk not ideal for operating International and national
67
housing demand central government
demand high = population growth, demand for different housing types divorce rates = people choosing to live in smaller household government collaborates with business to build and where to build
68
what benefits do enterprise zones for local
unlock development sites consolidate infrastructure attract business attract jobs all business growth generated by enterprise zones kept by relevant local enterprise partnerships
69
benefits of enterprise zones uk economy
attract foreign investment into countries, brings jobs and businesses across England aim = delivering long term, sustainable growth based on cutting-edge technology
70
what is enterprise zones
designated areas across England that provide tax breaks and government support,
71
benefits for business enterprise zone
100% rate discount worth up to 275000 per business government support to ensure super fast broadband is rolled out throughout the zone up to 8 years from the launch of ez to make their investment
72
London docklands gentrification
taken place change In social status whereby former working class inner city became occupied and renewed by the middle classes
73
major players east London regeneration
``` central government local government stakeholders in local economy environmental stakeholders stakeholders in people regional government ```

Human Geography (4 decks)

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