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Health Human Rights Intervention Flashcards

1
Q

what can a lack of education mean

A

slow down the social and economic development a country

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2
Q

investment in education and health is seen as an investment in human capital

A

education is key to improving human rights and democratic participation
gender imbalance girls make 54% of the world non schooled population, particularly in Asia and Arab states

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3
Q

causes and consequences of unequal access to education

A

inequalities and marginalisation children do not have access to basic education due to gender health and cultural identity

lack of basic education hinders social and economic development of low achieving countries

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4
Q

Variations of health and life expectancy in Africa - Algeria

A 
76 years
strong government
rapid increasing GDP - Oil
has met most development goals
98% primary school enrolment 
still 23% living below poverty line
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5
Q

Variations of health and life expectancy in Africa - Democratic Republic of the Congo

A

56 years
$800 per capita
40% children forced to work
has met few development goals
one of the world lowest HDI
rich in natural resources - caused conflict
high health expenditure and funding from NGOS

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6
Q

what factors affect life expectancy

A 
lifestyle factors
levels of deprivation 
diet choices
education 
income
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7
Q

research results from OECD in 35 countries

A

developed countries life expectancy rose
use highest health spending per capita , ranks 30th infant mortality
infant mortality and heart disease fell

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8
Q

UK life expectancy stats

A
  1. 8 Women

79. 1 Male

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9
Q

what is the ECHR

A

treaty produced by the council of Europe in 1950 to protect human rights

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10
Q

what does the ECHR consist of

A

14 articles which protect right to life, a fair trial and freedom of expression

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11
Q

what does the ECHR enable

A

human right cases to be heard within the home country rather than European court

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12
Q

why is their controversial about the ECHR

A

rights questioned by pressure groups and newspapers,

1998 human right act is undemocratic threaten British sovereignty and self determination

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13
Q

Authoritarian Government

A

China
no general elections
argues human rights are western ideas threaten government power
freedom of expression limited
president holds all power
greater wealth, better schooling and access ton social media = increased democratic freedom

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14
Q

Democratic Government

A

India
Indian states and the lower house of parliament hold the most power
government committed to improving rights as the economy grows
media and independent judiciary ensure the freedom of society
India Constitution 44 articles - freedom of speech

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15
Q

what does high level of corruption threatened

A

human right as the rule of law can be subverted

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16
Q

what is and what do transparency international do

A

NGO - aims to combat corruption and prevent criminal activities arising from corruption

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17
Q

most corrupt country and least corrupt

A

Denmark least

Somalia most

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18
Q

what is corruption defined as

A

the abuse of entrusted power for private gain

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19
Q

how can corruption be measured

A

Corruption Perception Index

scale 0-100 indicates perceived level of public sector corruption

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20
Q

Development Aid

A

financial aid given to developing countries
comes from developed countries, IGOs, NGOs
bilateral aid
multilateral aid

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21
Q

what is bilateral aid

A

one country to another

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22
Q

what is multilateral aid

A

NGO to another country

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23
Q

What is a trade embargo

A

ban that restricts all trade or trade in certain items (military supplies) with a country

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24
Q

what does a trade embargo encourage

A

country to change its actions

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25
when are trade embargos used
response to threats to international security or human rights abuse
26
how many trade bargos did that uk have
UK had arms embargos on 17 countries
27
UN security council trade embargo on who
Libya in response to human rights abuses
28
Military Aid
consists of money weapons or expertise given to developing countries to help them protect borders and fight terrosim or given to rebel groups fighting authoritarian government
29
largest contributor to military aid
USA to protect use interest
30
negative of military aid
charities worry less money is being spent on poverty
31
Military Action- Direct Action
air strikes and ground troops | 2003 USA UK direct action v Saddam Hussein in Iraq
32
Military Action - Indirect Action
military assistance | 2017 UK training Nigerian forces to improve secuirty
33
Military Action
can be agreement with the country or taken to protect people from their own government
34
why is geopolitical intervention difficult
success has varying definitions data outcomes are Interventions span many years some countries cannot collect data Dara outcomes interpreted differently by different people
35
why does geopolitical intervention need to be shown to work
politically sensitive and expensive
36
how geopolitical can be shown to work
demonstrates accountability to voters and whether actions need improvement interventions can be assessed using hard data (stats) soft data (degrees of freedom of speech
37
why is promotion of democracy key to economic growth and stability
leads to other economic and social changes countries less willing to support criminal organisations countries less likely to go to war
38
Democracy Aid
defends civil and political rights strengthens governmental institutions such as parliament's supports fair elections and development of political parties come from western government
39
freedom of expression
protects against injustice enables criticism go government and leaders fundamental rights outlined in UDHR
40
examples of success of overseas aid
South Korea and Singapore which received from USA and now beneficial trading partners with the USA China ton sub saharan Africa based on economic development - higher employment and economic growth
41
is military intervention successful? YES
threatened strategic resource supplies have been protected Kuwait 1992 Persecution of threatened minorities have been prevented Libya
42
is military intervention successful? NO
human and financial cost with little result IRAQ | Civil instability and unrest of intervention by foreign power
43
Types of military intervention
direct | indirect
44
why is military intervention controversial
bring death and destruction refugees, loss of human rights and loss of sovereignty
45
short term military action
short term gains stopping persucion of minatory groups and protecting resource pathways - oil supplies
46
IRAQ WAR STUDY when and why
2003 | oppression of civilians and development and use of weapons of mass destruction against own people
47
other motivation of Iraq war intervention
stabilise oil supplies in the Middle East
48
who internvened in Iraq war
USA and allies
49
iraq war costs
budgeted $4 billion | $800 billion as of 2014
50
why was military intervention justified Iraq FOR AND AGAINST
no democracy human right abuses occurring and civilians being oppressed no evidence of MMD
51
successful interventions iRAQ
Hussein toppled and dictatorship, ended with democratic elections taking place 2005 health car improvements infant mortality rate reduced
52
unsuccessful interventions iRAQ
entry of IS and Al Qauda due to political instability HR violations increased by 2015 economic, political instability and corruption massive cost to use and allies
53
successful military intervention
Côte d'Ivoire
54
justification of military intervention by France and uk Cote D'ivore
enforcing democracy and result of elections, widespread civil unrest and deaths of 100s, if not 1000s oppressed
55
3 reasons of successful Cote D'ivore
hostilities over in 12 days president peacefully arrested within 2 months city back to normal
56
unjustified intervention COTE D;IVORE
colonial powers intervened a independent country to gain result , using responsibility to protect over national sovereignty
57
No Intervention Where`?
Zimbabwe
58
problems caused by no intervention
extreme poverty hyperinflation economic collapse
59
problem if intervention happened
civil war lack of alternative government, instalbity
60
reasons for not intervention
no threat to global peace | opposition to action by China.Russia (communist regime) at un
61
Diplomatic Intervention Where?
Timor Leste
62
what was the intervention that took place in East Timor ?
embargos and diplomatic negotiations UN with Indonesia (neighbour) and Portugal (former colonial power) to arrange an independence referendum and peaceful transition of power
63
justification of intervention in Timor Leste
Indonesia invaded an indépendant country
64
what could be considered successful Timor Leste
since handing over power in 2002 Timor Leste been relavity peaceful and secure democracy
65
why might it be considered not successful Timor Leste
1975-2002 for Timor Leste indépendance to be recognised

Human Geography (4 decks)

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