Regenerating places case studies

Question 1

What caused the decline of the London’s East End docks?

Answer 1

Larger ships couldn’t reach up stream as the thames was too shallow, so the docks had to move further and further upstream causing the closure of the docks.

The traditional workers were also replaced by huge cranes.

Over 12 000 jobs were lost in the 5 year period between 1978 and 1983.

Question 2

What was the impact of the closing London docks?

Answer 2

• Abandoned docks and dereliction
• Nearby industries forced to close due to their reliance on imports via the ports
• depopulation, 100,000 left between 1971 and 1981
• rising levels of crime

Question 3

What was the London docklands development corporation? (LDDC)

Answer 3

Formed in 1981, it was tasked with regenerating the London docklands.
It used market-led regeneration, where the private sector was left to make decisions.

Question 4

What was the impact of the LDDC market-led regeneration of the London docklands/canary wharf?

Answer 4

• Investment from banks and quaternary industry
• Increase in employment, 325 000 + 100 000 commuters
• Development of the DLR (docklands light railway)
• encouraging development of London city airport
• extension of the London underground
• changes to demographic, many older people moved out to be replaced by younger generation.
• large scale immigration

Question 5

Why has the social characteristics of the London docklands changed?

Answer 5

-high paid jobs attracting younger workers
-attraction of highly qualified workers
-increased housing prices forcing older generations and less qualified people away
tbc

Question 6

What examples of successful places have we looked at?

Answer 6

• Sydney

- Berkshire

Question 7

What makes Berkshire a successful place?

Answer 7

• Connections
• Physical geography
• TNC Investment
• Employment
• Immigration
• IMD data (Index of multiple deprivation)
• Property Prices

Question 8

Why is Berkshire well connected and how is that beneficial?

Answer 8

Connections

• M4 motorway runs through Berkshire
• close proximity to Heathrow
• connected to London by railway

Attracts high paid workers who need to commute to London.

Question 9

Why does Berkshire have suitable physical geography?

Answer 9

• Wide flat flood plain ideal for development

- good quality land for construction

Question 10

What type of investment does Berkshire receive?

Answer 10

Investment for tech companies. Many of readings top employers are tech companies such as Microsoft.

Question 11

What types of employment make Berkshire successful?

Answer 11

• Roughly half work in quaternary/quinary jobs
• high rates of employment

-also expected to need an extra 70,000 well qualified workers by 2020

Question 12

What IMD data show Berkshire is successful?

Answer 12

0.4% of the neighbourhoods are deprived

Question 13

What declining locations have we studied?

Answer 13

Middlesbrough
Rust belt
Wollongong

Question 14

Why is Middlesbrough in decline?

Answer 14

• Affect of de-industrialisation such as the closure of the steal works in Redcar.
• receives little investment, creating fewer jobs leading spiral of decline

Question 15

What are the effects of Middlesbrough’s decline?

Answer 15

• 20,000 people have left since 1990
• over 10% unemployed
• Low housing prices allowing landlords to cheaply rent property with little to no maintenance
• businesses shut down
• 3000 jobs lost directly

Question 16

Why is Sydney a successful place?

Answer 16

• Workforce
• climate
• Investment
• leading financial centre
• location + time zone

Question 17

How does Sydney’s workforce make it successful?

Answer 17

A young economically active workforce attracts overseas investment from companies

Question 18

How does Sydney’s climate make it successful?

Answer 18

It is called a sun belt city, where companies move to attract workers that want to live in a hot climate.

Question 19

Why is Sydney economically successful?

Answer 19

• The leading financial for the Asia pacific region

- Lots of regional headquarters for global TNCs

Question 20

How does Sydney’s location allow for success?

Answer 20

• It is located in a time zone that means it can trade with both the USA and Europe.
• Coastal ports

Question 21

How did Sydney aid its economic development/success?

Answer 21

It de-regulated its banks so overseas banks could operate here, employing highly skilled, high paid employees, leading to cumulative causation.

Question 22

How could Sydney’s success threaten the city?

Answer 22

• vulnerable to economic crash due to its reliance on the financial district as a huge employer
• over migration could lead to Sydney not having the resources to cope

Question 23

What was the rust belt?

Answer 23

.A region of heavily industrialised towns that relied heavily on mining and metal processing for the economic activity and employment, which eventually fell to de-industrialisation and high levels of unemployment.

Question 24

What caused the decline of the rustbelt?

Answer 24

• cheaper imports
• lower wages in the south-east USA
• mining companies that had mechanised to cut costs.

Question 25

What case study have we looked at for engagement?

Answer 25

Grampound

Question 26

What was significant about the levels of engagement in grampound?

Answer 26

They were unusually high

257/280 homes bought a share in the new village shop raising over £20,500 for its construction

Question 27

What problems was grampound previously facing?

Answer 27

They struggled to maintain services within the village, as those working in the larger cities shopped in super markets on their way home.

This meant that the elderly and those with old inefficient cars would isolated by high travel costs in order to receive basic services

The community shop enables them to shop locally.

Question 28

Why is engagement harder in larger villages?

Answer 28

Larger villages often have a larger percentage of second homeowners who have less lived experience within the community and engage less.

Question 29

What factors does grampound show is required for high levels of community engagement?

Answer 29

• Key people to stand for elections
• A range of activities to allow relationships to build
• Politicians within the community

Question 30

What government top down regeneration project have we looked at?

Answer 30

HS2

Question 31

What is the HS2?

Answer 31

A High speed railway connecting London to northern cities like Birmingham.

Question 32

What advantages would the HS2 provide?

Answer 32

• Reducing congestion which costs the UK almost £20 billion in lost time each year
• Allows people to work on laptops while commuting
• Reduced emissions
• Provides an alternative to other railways already at capacity
• 60 000 construction jobs to be made (9000 already)

Question 33

What are the problems with the HS2?

Answer 33

• environmental concerns over passing through AONB (areas of outstanding natural beauty)
• no intermediate stations meaning communities along the route wont benefit
• Cost over £50 billion with additional government subsidies

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Question 34

What educational data shows Berkshires success?

Answer 34

Top 10 in Uk of proportion of students going to a Russel group university- 13%