Regenerating places Flashcards
What changes in job sectors have occured over the past 100 years?
- Reduction in primary and secondary sectors
- gradual increase in tertiary sectors
- Recent steep increase in quartnernary and quinary sectors
What have been the potential advantages of reducing the primary and secondary sectors?
- Allows tertiary and Quaternary sectors to develop
- helps reduce pollution
- reduces work related health risks
What have been the potential disadvantages of reducing the primary and secondary sectors?
- increased unemployment (domino effect)
- decreased exports and increased imports
- increased dereliction
- weaken the economy
What have been the advantages of expanding the tertiary and Quaternary sectors?
- Higher paid jobs
- economic growth
- improved working conditions
- increased export of services/ knowledge and skills (FDI)
What are the disadvantages of expanding the tertiary and quarternary secotrs?
- not enough jobs to support entire population
- less low skilled jobs available
- over reliant on other countries for primary imports.
What are sink estates?
Council estates characterised by high levels of economic and social deprivation.
What is the name for when communities are separated due to social class?
Social segregation
How are regeneration priorities established?
The government aims to transform struggling towns an areas into sustainable communities, which requires growing economies, poverty an deprivation management.
What makes some communities more economically successful
-connectedness
-employment types
- TNC investment
-physical geography
employment rates
What factors influence political engagement within a community?
- Age (older populations more like to vote)
- Level of deprivation (deprived area less likely to vote
- Ethnicity (less likely)
- Length of residence (People with more lived experience tend to b more involved)
What are the reasons behind why people lived experience of places and engagement with them varies?
- Age
- length of residency
- availability of comminity projects/events which bring the community together
How did the closure of the london docks affect the population?
Between 1078 and 1983, over 12,000 jobs were lost and the population fell by 100 000
What is the other name for the mutliplier effect?
Commulative causation
What factors allow berkshire to be a successful location?
Good connections
-m4 runs along it
-close to Heathrow and connected to London
Geography
- wide floodplain provides good quality flat land for investment
Jobs
-Lots of FDI from TNCs in the knowledge economy provides well paid jobs
-high levels of employment
What is a spiral of decline?
When a negative factor such as loss of industry has negative knock on effects until there is a plethora of problems.
What has caused middlesbrough to be a declining location?
- High levels of deindustrialisation due to outsourcing of companies
- leading to 13% unemployed
- depopulation- 20,000 people have left since 1990
What are some of the causes of the london rioting?
- poor relationships wiht police
- urban deprivation
- high youth unemployment
- polic stop and search
What makes sydney a successfull place?
- young economically active workforce
- De-regulating banking allowing overseas banking
- leading financial centre for the asia-pacific region
- warm climate attracts foreign workers.
What is the rust belt?
The decline in metal manufacturing in america.
What are the causes of the rust belt?
- cheaper imports
- mining companies have been mechanised to cut fees
- lower wage costs in the south eastern USA led to relocation
What are the impacts of the rust belt on its affected regions?
- High wage jobs replaced by low wage tertiary jobs
- population decline
- high unemployment
- reduced revenue for councils as consumer spending falls
What was the HS2 redevelopment scheme?
Building a high-speed railway connecting London to northern cities such as Birmingham and Manchester.
What are the negative impacts of HS2?
SOCIAL
- 600 homes demolished
- 340 homes segregated from their wider neighbourhood
ENVIRONMENTAL
- damage to rural areas
- splitting habitats
- emissions
ECONOMIC
-at least £43 billion
What are the positive impacts of HS2?
SOCIAL
- cutting commuting times between north and south
- the original west coast main line will be full by 2024, so will take the stress of that
- connects 30 million people
ENVIRONMENTAL
-will create a green corridor along the route for habitats
ECONOMIC
- create up to 100,000 jobs
- 70% of which will be outside of London
- will bring £92 billion benefits
Why was regeneration needed in Wollongong?
Deindustrialisation after import tariffs were removed, so it was cheaper to import than use the Australian made goods.
What were the impacts of the decline created through deindustrialisation and the closure of shipyards in Glasgow?
- poor health
- drinking/smoking problems
- early retirement
- 75% on sickness benefit
- 90,000 unemployed
- racial issues
- poverty
How has Glasgow been regenerated and how has that affect the city?
Glasgow became rebranded as the city of style
Socially
- created popular architecture
- increased number of tourist attractions
Economically
- tourist attraction generating income for the local economy
- provides jobs
Environmentally
-Brownfield site development
What case study have we looked at for engagement in a rural community and why was it significant?
Grampound
Out of 280 homes, 257 became shareholders in the village shop, raising over £20,500
