Regenerating Places Flashcards
How are there differences within the UK?
34% of children live below the poverty line in Camden(national poverty line is 21%)
Highest median earnings found in SW London
What can unemployment indicate?
Health, life expectancy, and education
What are the physical causes of change in an area?
Coastal erosion
Location- impacts trade and development
eg. Bangladesh floods caused $14 million in damage
How can the accessibility cause change in an area?
Good transport= more developed and FDI
Rural areas are becoming more urban
eg.HS2 linking major cities such as London, Birmingham and Manchester
How can historical development cause change in an area?
The layout in historical cities makes it difficult to expand
Kept in place due to tourism
eg. Totnes, Devon introduced projets to protect it’s local history and culture
How can the local and national planning cause change in an area?
Desirable and accessible areas will see and increase in house price and congestion
eg. Bicester is branded as a ‘Garden city’ due to city expansion
eg. HS2 and other transport methods make travelling from rural peripheries to urban cores easier
How can places change?
Physical factors, accessibility, historical development and local/national planning
By what processes do places change?
Gentrification, multiculturalism, studentification and ageing population
How can a place change by gentrification?
Notting Hill consisted of many poorly built terraced housing
- Now dominated by young professionals
- High earning sector jobs (finance)
How can a place change by multiculturalism?
Bradford contained mostly white British people
- Now there are more Muslim and Islamic religions
- 35% don’t have English as their 1st language
How can a place change by studentification?
Leeds was home to mainly factory workers
-Now dominated by 31,900 students from Leeds uni
How can an ageing population change a place?
Cornwall was mainly primary employment (fishing)
- Now tourism and seasonal workers
- Tourism employs 25% of Cornwalls industry
- Many have retired in Cornwall
What makes an area successful?
Low deprivation, inward migration, high property prices, high employment, TNC’s and improved infrastructure and living environment
What are sink estates?
Housing estates characterised by high levels of economic and social deprivation as well as crime.
What are the priorities of sink estates?
Protect and enhance sports facilities
Build high-quality housing
eg. East Middlesborough
How many new homes in East Middleborough?
11,500
What are commuter villages?
Settlements with a high proportion of people commuting to large settlements
What are the priorities of commuter villages?
Encourage a mixture of house sizes and types
Invest in public transport
eg West Berkshire and Yale, Bristol
What are gated communities?
Found in urban and rural settlements that are landscape surveillanced to reduce crime
What are the priorities of gated communities?
Protect against crime, vandalism and anti-social behavior
High property prices
eg.Hidden Hills, California where property prices start around £3 million
By how much did the national election turnout fall by in 1997-2001?
77.7% - 59.4%
What is a shared equity loan?
Since 2013 the scheme has made it possible to borrow up to 20% of a newly built houses up to £600,000 from the government.
What is shared ownership?
Aka part buy, part rent. Refers to all low cost ownership schemes in England.
What is rebranding?
the area is sold and advertised to change the impression of investors
What would make regeneration successful socially?
Smaller inequality gap, crime and deprivation reduction and improvements in life expectancy and health
What would make regeneration successful economically?
Rise in income, affordable housing and schemes focused to generate jobs.
What would make regeneration successful environmental?
Use of brownfield sites, reduction of pollution, more open green space and reduced derelict land
How national policy enables trade case study?
Northern powerhouse
How many new businesses set up in the Northern powerhouse?
65,000
What is the worth of goods exported in the Northern powerhouse?
£60 billion
Immigration case study?
Boston, Lincolnshire
Challenges in Boston, Lincolnshire?
Segregation, pressure on resources, low average wage (£9) and English struggle to get the same jobs because immigrants will work for cheaper
Advantages Boston, Lincolnshire?
Workers bring new skills, immigrants prepared to work for less therfore higher profit for empolyers
Successful region case study?
M4 corridor
What has population increased by in Slough?
6.4%- 16.3% making it the fastest growing town in SE England
What makes Berkshire successful?
High employment rates, many high tech, research and development companies, lose to Heathrow Airport
How many more jobs are expected in Berkshire?
70,000
Unsuccessful region case study?
Detroit, USA
What percentage of adults have a degree in Detroit?
18%
What is health like in Detroit?
very poor- high infant mortality, higher than in Botswana
How many crimes are unsolved in Detroit?
7/10
How many abandoned buildings are there in Detroit?
80,000
Kilometers of derelict land in Detroit?
130km2
Percentage decrease in population?
28% from 2000-2015
Infrastructure investment case studies?
HS2 and Heathrow
How much is HS2 predicted to cost?
£56 billion
How much could the third runway generate?
£100 billion nationally per year
How many jobs could Heathrow create?
70,000
Local regeneration case studies?
Retail led (Cabots Cirus) Science Park (Cambridge) Tourism (Leeds) Urban/Sports led (London) Rural (Powys)
How much did Cabots circus cost £500 million?
£500 million
How many people work at Cambridge science park?
over 5000
How much do tourist bring to Leeds?
£735 million per day
Why were locals against the London Olympics?
11,000 people forced to move
Don’t qualify to work for Olympics because they’re unskilled
Rapid increase in house price so unaffordable
What were the solutions to Powys?
Structural funds, broadband and local currency
How do volunteer contribute to Powys?
There are 26,000 which contribute £137.6 million to the economy
Rural rebranding case study?
Haworth
How much was invested in the Bronte connection?
£210,000 which also improved transport
How did Haworth rebrand?
First fairtade village, Bronte connection and farm diversification
What were the successes of Haworth?
Tourism generates £500 million and supports 13,500 jobs in retail and tourism
Urban rebranding case study?
Belfast
How did Belfast rebrand?
Titanic Quarter and Cathedral quarter
How many tourists did the Titanic quarter attract in the first year of opening?
800,000
How many jobs were created by regenerating the run down area of Belfast ( cathedral quarter)?
2000
What is meant by a place function?
The role of a place for the community and surrounding area
What are the 4 key functions most places have?
Administration, commercial, retail and industrial
3 ways to measure the change in an area?
employment, demographic change and land use change
