Regenerating Places

Question 1

5 sectors of economy

Answer 1

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
Quinary

Question 2

Two ways that economies can be classified

Answer 2

Economic sector
Type of employment

Question 3

Demographic

Answer 3

Make up of the population

Question 4

Demographic changes

Answer 4

• ethnic composition
• age structure
• migrants
• racism and prejudice
• deprivation
• gentrification

Question 5

Three demographic changes

Answer 5

Ethnicity
Age structure
Gentrification

Question 6

Gentrification

Answer 6

Settlements where a minority groups culture is replaced by a dominant culture

Question 7

CASE STUDY:
gentrification on London riverside positives

Answer 7

Riverside paths opened to the public

Use of brownfield sites is more sustainable and reduces suburban sprawl

More attractive and stable areas invite further investment

Question 8

CASE STUDY:
Gentrification on London riverside negatives

Answer 8

Cost £250 million

Displacement due to expanding middle class and increasing house prices

There has been a 45% price jump in London house prices since 2007

Question 9

CASE STUDY:
Gentrification on London riverside aims

Answer 9

Attempts to attract m/c back to the city

Between 2001-2005 - 47 new developments
with over 25 units in each one

Question 10

How can physical factors cause places to change?

Answer 10

Sea level rise and climate change cause rapid coastal erosion

Zero emission buildings integrated into urban planning - e.g. eco village and Greenwich millennium village, London

Question 11

How can accessibility and connectedness cause places to change?

Answer 11

Railway towns are in decline since motorway development

Villages in Kent are becoming increasingly popular due to HS1

Better broadband has made people more connected

Question 12

How can historical development cause places to change?

Answer 12

Totness- introduced ‘transition town’ projects to protect its local culture and history- has a local currency, the totnes pound, which has helped local businesses to thrive

Question 13

How can local and national planning cause places to change?

Answer 13

The national infrastructure plan (2010) has designed towns like Bicester as new ‘garden cities’ with up to 13,000 new homes and a new railway station

Some rural villages are in danger of being overrun by the expansion of urban areas

Question 14

Guildford key facts

Answer 14

SE of UK

In the county of Surrey- m/c county

30 miles from the centre of london

On the A3

40mins from Heathrow

Question 15

Scarborough key facts

Answer 15

NE of UK

county if Yorkshire- w/c county

1hr 36mins to Leeds

1hr 15mins to A1(M)

Question 16

Factors of a successful region

Answer 16

Low crime

Low levels of deprivation

High property prices

Good education

High life expectancy

Question 17

CASE STUDY: Sydney

Facts that prove it is a successful city

Answer 17

259 different languages spoken

2001- over 450,000 businesses based in Sydney

49 out of 43 foreign banks operating in Australia have regional headquarters in Sydney

Question 18

Factors of a declining region

Answer 18

More homelessness
High levels of deprivation
Declining population
High crime rate
Low income
Poor education
Poor healthcare
High unemployment
Run down building
Lower life expectancy
Deprivation

Question 19

Economic restructuring

Answer 19

The changing if the share of the sectors within a country

Question 20

What are the underpinning factors that have driven the success of the Berkshire corridor?

Answer 20

M4 runs along the county from east to west
Influenced by Heathrow airport and the M25
They have created a wide, flat floodplain for the rivers Thames and Kennet which is a great location for high quality urban living and work

Question 21

What is the evidence that suggests the Berkshire is successful?

Answer 21

Thames Valley Berkshire Local Enterprise Partnership (LEP) had only 0.4% of its neighbourhoods in the most deprived 10% of national areas
Property prices have risen 40-50% in the ten years from 2005

Question 22

What are the indicators of urban decline in Middlesbrough?

Answer 22

35,000 have left since its peak in the 1960s
Contains some of the most deprived wards in the UK with 10% of its wards in the bottom 1% of deprived areas in England
2014 Ofsted- 1/3 if all pupils attended schools that ‘required improvement’

Question 23

What was the cause of Middlesbrough’s decline?

Answer 23

Deindustrialisation

Question 24

What are the major concerns of declining rural settlements?

Answer 24

An estimated 400 village shops and 700 rural pubs closed in Britain in 2010 alone

Question 25

What are the main priorities for declining rural settlements?

Answer 25

Open more shops to make the areas more appealing
Regenerate housing to reduce areas of deprivation

Question 26

What are the major concerns of sink estates?

Answer 26

Residents are twice as likely to have mental health problems
11x more likely to be unemployed and not be in education
9x more likely to live in a jobless household than residents on a council estate

Question 27

What are the main priorities for sink estates?

Answer 27

Make the appearance nicer
Have leisure places to reduce crime
Good schools
Security
Access to livelihoods
Environmental improvements

Question 28

What are the major concerns with commuter villages?

Answer 28

Many people have moved out of urban areas into so called ‘wealth corridors’ where homes are nicer and have good transport links
Lack of local services
Tend to have affluent populations with low levels of deprivation

Question 29

What are the main priorities for commuter villages?

Answer 29

Affordable housing
Improved services
Sustainable transport

Question 30

What are the main priorities concerns of gated communities?

Answer 30

Wealthy residents have secure buildings, walls or fenced
Lack of community cohesion
Gated communities can segregate the incomes from the locals

Question 31

What are the main priorities of gated communities?

Answer 31

Integrate rich people back into the communities
Open up the communities
General community security
Community engagement