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Refri Flashcards

1
Q

In polytropic process, PV^n = C, if the volume of n is infinitely large, the process is _______

A

Isometric

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2
Q

Branch of science that deals with the process of
reducing or maintaining the temperature of the
surrounding.

A

Refrigeration

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3
Q

It is defined as the quantity of heat extracted from a cold body or space to be cooled in a given time

A

Refrigerating effect, N

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4
Q

It is the quantity of heat required to raise or lower the temperature of one kg of water or ice through one kelvin or 1 celcius in one second

A

Specific heat

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5
Q

These machines are expressed by cooling capacity

A

Capacity of refrigerating

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6
Q

The standard unit of expressing capacity of refrigerating machine

A

Ton of refrigeration

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7
Q

Quantity of heat abstracted to freeze one ton of water into one ton iof ice in a duration of 24 hrs at 0 C

A

One ton of refrigeration, TR

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8
Q

Defined as ration if heat extracted in a given time (refrigerating effect)to work input

A

Coefficient of performance ,CoP

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9
Q

Ideal refrigerants

A
  1. High latent heat of evaporation
  2. Low boiling point and low freezing point
  3. Non toxic and should non corrosive
  4. Non flammable and non explosive
  5. High thermal conductivity
  6. Easy to handle
  7. Low specific volume of vapor
  8. High coefficient of performance
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10
Q

Working medium which is used for cooling the substance by absorption of latent heat

A

Primary refrigerant

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11
Q

Refrigerants that provide refrigeration by undergoing a phase change process in evaporator

A

Primary refrigerant

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12
Q

These systems use air as their refrigerant which compresses and expands to create heating and cooling capacity

A

Air refrigeration

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13
Q

A system that uses a heat source to provide the energy needed to run the cooling process.

A

Absorption Refrigeration

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14
Q

Uses two types if coolant; the first coolant performs evaporative cooling and is then absorbed into the second coolant

A

Absorption Refrigeration

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15
Q

Pulls low pressure vapor from the evaporator

A

Compressor

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16
Q

Compresses this vapor into a high temperature, high pressure gas so that it may be condensed

A

Compressor

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17
Q

Removes heat from refrigerant by providing a medium at a lower temperature to which the heat may flow and be dissipated.

A

Condenser

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18
Q

Super heated gas converted to subcooled liquid

A

Condenser

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19
Q

And expansion device which throttles high pressure liquid to low pressure liquid

A

Thermal expansion valve

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20
Q

The low pressure liquid from TXV has a saturation temperature well below that of the surrounding medium

A

Evaporator

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21
Q

This results in a rapid boiling of refrigerant with heat being absorbed from the surrounding to desired cooling temperature

A

Evaporator

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22
Q

Condition of refrigerant after passing through the condenser in a vapour compression system

A

Saturated liquid

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23
Q

Indicates the velocity of molecules of a substance

A

Temperature

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24
Q

Pressure ____ when volume increases

A

Drops

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25
Q

Process 1-2

A

Isentropic compression

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26
Q

The rate of heat removal from the evaporator or low temperature space

A

Refrigerating Effect, QA

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27
Q

The ratio of the refrigerating effect divided by the power input and is usually express in BTU/hr per watt

A

Energy Efficiency Ratio, EER

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28
Q

Process of conditioning the air cooling according to human comfort, irrespective to external conditions

A

Air conditioning

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29
Q

If the condition of mixture lies in the saturation line, the air is said to be _____

A

Saturated

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30
Q

Rate of heat transfer attributable only to a change in dry -bulb temperature of the air

A

Sensible heat / cooling

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31
Q

May be adiabatic or with addition of heat

A

Humidification

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32
Q

Results in a reduction of both the dry bulb temperature and humidity ratio

A

Cooling and dehumidification

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33
Q

The water vapor from the air is absorbed or adsorbed by hygroscopic material

A

Chemical and dehumidification process

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34
Q

The temperature to which the air would have to cool (at constant pressure and constant vapor content) in order to reach saturation

A

Dew point temperature

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35
Q

Dew point temperature will never be _____ air temperature

A

Greater

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36
Q

It is amount of water vapor in the air

A

Humidity

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37
Q

Amount of water vapor divided by the amount of dry air in certain volume of air at a particular temperature

A

Absolute humidity

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38
Q

The hotter the air is, the ____ water it can hold

A

The more water

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39
Q

Ratio of current absolute humidity to the highest possible absolute humidity

A

Relative humidity

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40
Q

Air cant hold any more water

A

100% relative humidity

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41
Q

Aka specific humidity

A

Humidity ratio

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42
Q

Temperature as measured by an ordinary dry bulb thermometer

A

Dry bulb

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43
Q

Mixture of dry air and water vapor

A

Sum of enthalpy

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44
Q

Defined as the process of achieving temperature below ambient, with the aim of cooling a product or space to the required temperature

A

Refrigeration

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45
Q

Machine used to extract heat from the body low temperature and then rejects the heat to high temperature body

A

Refrigerator

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46
Q

Machine used to heat a medium warmer than the surrounding

A

Heat pump

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47
Q

Specific heat of water in KJ/kg K

A
  1. 19 KJ/kg K
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48
Q

Specific heat of ice in KJ/kg K

A

2.1 KJ/kg K

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49
Q

Latent heat of ice

A

144 BTU/lb

335 KJ/kg

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50
Q

One ton of refrigeration

A

12, 000 BTU / hr

3.52 KJ / hr

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51
Q

Any substance that absorbs heat through expansion and vaporisation process and loses heat due to condensation in a refrigeration process

A

Refrigerants

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52
Q

Synthetically produced and were developed as the the Freon Family of refrigerant

A

Halocarbon Refrigerants

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53
Q

Commonly used in domestic, industrial and commercial purposes due to wide range of boiling points at atmospheric pressure

A

Halocarbon Refrigerants

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54
Q

Ozone unfriendly refrigerants

A

Halocarbon Refrigerants

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55
Q

Halo carbon refrigerant example

A

R11
R12
R13

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56
Q

A stable mixture of two or several refrigerants whose vapour and liquid phases retain identical compositions over a wide range of temperature

A

Azeotropes Refrigerants

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57
Q

Refrigerants whose code starts with digit 5

A

Azeotropes Refrigerants

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58
Q

A mixture is one whose composition in liquid phase differs to that in vapour phase

A

Zeotropes Refrigerant

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59
Q

Refrigerants designated by R followed by number

A

Inorganic refrigerant

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60
Q

Refrigerants that are highly flammable and required additional safety precautions during its use as refrigerant

A

Hydro-carbon refrigerant

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61
Q

Refrigerants Dominant in domestic market like household refrigerators and freezers

A

Hydro-carbon refrigerant

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62
Q

Substance already cooled by the primary refrigerant and then employed for cooling purposes.

A

Secondary Refrigerant

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63
Q

Most widely used refrigerant

A

Refrigerant 12

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64
Q

High pressure refrigerant where high operating pressures are required for efficient operation

A

CO2

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65
Q

Refrigerants used in such low temperature application such as frozen food

A

Ammonia

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66
Q

Solid carbon dioxide having a temperature of -78 C.

A

Dry Ice Refrigeration

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67
Q

Ordinary ice is used for keeping the space at temperatures below the surrounding temperature

A

Ice refrigeration

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68
Q

It applies the principle of boiling water under 100 C by the process of reducing the pressure on the water surface below atmospheric pressure

A

Steam Jet Refrigeration

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69
Q

It is simply the process of reducing the pressure of the liquid refrigerant as it passed through the expansion device

A

Throttling Refrigeration

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70
Q

In these types of refrigeration systems, the refrigerant vapour is compressed by means of centrifugal, screw or reciprocating compressor

A

Mechanical Compression Refrigeration

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71
Q

This system use water to cool the air bought in from outside

A

Evaporative Cooling

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72
Q

Water is pumped onto the pad through which air passes and the air losses its heat from the water

A

Evaporative Cooling

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73
Q

This is a system that uses a heat source to provide energy needed to run the cooling process

A

Absorption Refrigeration

74
Q

A system where normally works on the principle of the Peltier Process

A

Thermoelectric Refrigeration

75
Q

The working agent employed in these types are like ammonia, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and Freons

A

Vapour Refrigeration

76
Q

This type of refrigeration uses liquid refrigerant in a closed system that circulates the refrigerant through 4 stages in which it is compressed and expanded to alternate between vapor and liquid form without leaving the refrigerating area

A

Vapour Compression Refrigeration

77
Q

These systems are primarily used where high pressure is not readily available.

A

Vapour Absorption Refrigeration

78
Q

In these systems, water is used as refrigerant and a solution of lithium bromide in water is used as the absorbent

A

Vapour Absorption Refrigeration

79
Q

It is the most efficient refrigeration cycle operating between two specified temperature level.

A

Reversed Carnot Cycle

80
Q

The most widely used cycle for refrigerator, air conditioner and heat pump

A

Vapor Compression Refrigeration

81
Q

Assumption for ideal vapor compression cycle

A
  1. no frictional pressure drops
  2. Heat losses to the surrounding are ignored
  3. Compression process is isentropic
  4. Refrigerant flows at constant pressure through the evaporator and condenser
  5. Irreversibility with evaporator, condenser, and compressor are ignored
82
Q

Provides heat transfer surface through which heat can pass from the refrigerated space or product into the vaporizing refrigerant

A

Evaporator

83
Q

Conveys the low pressure vapor from evaporator to the suction inlet of the compressor

A

Suction line

84
Q

Removes vapor from the evaporator and raises the temperature and pressure of the vapor to a point such the vapor can be condensed with normally available condensing media

A

Vapor Compressor

85
Q

Delivers the high pressure, high temperature vapor from the discharge of the compressor to the condenser

A

Hot gas or discharge line

86
Q

Provides a heat transfer surface through which heat passes from the hot refrigerant vapor to the condensing medium

A

Condenser

87
Q

Provides storage for the condensed liquid so that a constant supply of liquid is available to the evaporator as needed

A

Receiver tank

88
Q

Carries the liquid refrigerant from the receiver tank to the refrigerant flow control

A

Liquid line

89
Q

Meters the proper amount of refrigerant to the evaporator at the desired low temperature

A

Refrigerant flow control

90
Q

Valve that is installed in the line to block flow completely when it is closed.

A

Shut off valve

91
Q

It is installed in the suction line to maintain a sufficiently high pressure in an evaporator to prevent freezing or excessive dehumidification of air in an air cooling coil

A

Back pressure valve

Or

Evaporator pressure regulator

92
Q

Electrically powered magnetic valves which serves as automatic shut off valves

A

Solenoid valve

93
Q

Some oil escapes from all compressor into the discharge line. To recover as much of this oil as possible before it goes through the condenser and collects in the evaporator, ______ may be installed

A

Oil separator

94
Q

These are installed in the suction and discharge lines to reduce transmission of vibration from the compressor.

A

Vibration eliminators

95
Q

Contain desiccant such as silica gel or activated alumina which adsorb moisture

A

Driers

96
Q

Prevents foreign particles from flowing through the refrigerating system

A

Filters

97
Q

Short transparent fitting that allows the flow of refrigerant to be viewed

A

Liquid indicator

98
Q

Its purpose is to heat the vapor coming from the evaporator while it subcools liquid flowing between the condenser and expansion valve

A

Heat exchanger

99
Q

A vessel which stores liquid refrigerant

A

Liquid receiver

100
Q

Prevents suction vapor from carrying slugs of liquid to the compressor from the evaporator

A

Liquid accumulator

101
Q

Removes air from the system

A

Purger

102
Q

Whenever a cooling coil operates with surface temperature below 32 F, frost is likely to form on the coil, what should be installed

A

Defrosting

103
Q

Type of fan that consists of a wheel or rotor within a scroll spiral type housing.

A

Radial flow or centrifugal fan

104
Q

The air enters parallel to the shaft makes 90 degrees turn in the fan wheel, and is discharged from the wheel in a radial manner

A

Radial flow or centrifugal fan

105
Q

It has large number of blades, ie up to 60, narrow in the radial dimension but wide parallel to the shaft and facing forward in the direction of rotation like a scoop.

A

Forward curved blade

106
Q

It has 12 blades and tilted backwards from the direction of wheel rotation

A

Backward curved blades

107
Q

It is a low speed fan and is limited to handling clean air

A

Forward curved blade

108
Q

It is a high speed type of fan with a self limiting horse power characteristics.

A

Backward curved blades

109
Q
  • Smaller number of blades
  • blades in plane radiating from the shaft
  • has the ability to handle dirty air
A

Straight or double curved fan

110
Q

Air flow is parallel to the shaft or axis

A

Axial -flow or propeller fan

111
Q

Used to handle large volumes of air against free delivery or low heads

A

Propeller

112
Q

Suited for ventilation of rooms and air ducts of low resistance

A

Propeller

113
Q

Normally used for delivery of air for pressure to 2.24 kpa and for ventilation systems where space is valuable or head room is limited

A

Vane axial

114
Q

Same with vane axial except it does not contain guide vanes

A

Tube axial

115
Q

Simultaneous control of temperature, humidity, air movement and air quality of air in the space

A

Air conditioning

116
Q

The study of properties of mixture of air and water vapor

A

Psychrometry

117
Q

Graphical representation of the thermodynamics properties of moist

A

Psychrometric chart

118
Q

A balanced conditions of air and water occurs when the air has become saturated with water vapor

A

Air Moisture Content

119
Q

A mixture of dry air and water vapor

A

Moist air

120
Q

Mechanical mixture of gases and water vapor

A

Air

121
Q

Dry air composed of

A

Nitrogen 78%
Oxygen 21%
Carbon dioxide, hydrogen, helium, neon and argon 1%

122
Q

Temperature at which the water vapor in the air is saturated

A

Dew point temperature

123
Q

Water vapor in the air

A

Humidity

124
Q

Mass of water vapor per unit volume if air

A

Absolute humidity or vapor density

125
Q

Ratio of actual partial pressure exerted by the water vapor in any volume of the air TO the partial pressure that would be exerted by the water vapor if the water vapor in the air is saturated at the temperature of the air

A

Relative humidity

126
Q

Aka Specific humidity

A

Humidity ratio

127
Q

Temperature as measured by an ordinary dry bulb thermometer

A

Dry bulb temperature of the air

128
Q

An ordinary thermometer whose bulb is enclosed in a wetted cloth sac or wick

A

Wet bulb temperature of the air

129
Q

Difference between the dew point and dry bulb temperature of the air

A

Degrees of superheat

130
Q

If the condition of mixture lies on the ______, the air is saturated

A

Saturation line

131
Q

Refers to rate of heat transfer attributable only to the change in dry bulb temperature of the air

A

Sensible heat or cooling

132
Q

Made up of the heat that must be removed from the refrigerated product in order to reduce the temperature of the product to the desired level

A

Product load

133
Q

Defined as uncontrolled entry of unconditioned outside air directly to the building

A

Infiltration Load

134
Q

Heat loss or heat gain due to temperature difference across a building element.

A

Transmission load

135
Q

Heat gains due to the release of energy within a space

A

Internal load

136
Q

Amount of heat gain in the space due to lighting depends in the wattage of the lamps and the type of fixture

A

Internal load

137
Q

Heat generated by the refrigeration equipment itself as it performs certain task.

A

Refrigeration Equipment Load

138
Q

If the wet bulb and dry bulb reading of air temperature are identical

A

The air is saturated

139
Q

Refrigerant commonly used for air conditioning of passenger aircraft

A

Ammonia
R-11
CO2

140
Q

The amount of heat required to change the temperature of one unit of substance into one degree unit of temperature

A

Specific heat

141
Q

It is the removal of moisture in air being circulated in a given space

A

Dehumidification

142
Q

Ratio of useful refrigeration to the net work

A

Coefficient of Performance

143
Q

The heart of vapor compression system is____

A

Compressor

144
Q

The term used to the ratio of the partial pressure of the water in saturated air at the same temperature

A

Relative Humidity

145
Q

Freon group of refrigerant are…

A

Non toxic and non inflammable

146
Q

Boiling point of ammonia

A

-33.33%

147
Q

Vapour compression refrigerator employs the ff cycle

A

Reversed Carnot

148
Q

One ton of refrigeration is

A

The refrigeration effect to freeze 1 ton of water at 0C into ice at 0C in 24 hrs

149
Q

COP of domestic refrigerator

A

Is more than 1

150
Q

In vapor compression cycle, _______ compression of refrigerant from
saturated vapor to condenser pressure

A

Reversible adiabatic

151
Q

In vapor compression cycle, ________rejection of heat, causing
condensation of the refrigerant

A

Reversible isobaric

152
Q

In vapor compression cycle, _______expansion from saturated
liquid to evaporator pressure

A

Irreversible isenthalpic

153
Q

In vapor compression cycle, _____addition of heat at constant pressure
causing evaporation to saturated vapor

A

Reversible

154
Q

the study of the mixture of air and water

vapor

A

Psychrometry

155
Q

properties of moist air

A

PSYCHROMETRIC PROPERTIES

156
Q

the graphical representation of the

thermodynamics properties of moist air

A

PSYCHROMETRIC CHART

157
Q

binary mixtures dry air and cooler vapor

A

Moist air

158
Q

none condensing component of the mixture, mainly the

nitrogen and oxygen

A

Dry air

159
Q

the considerable component of mixture, the water vapor

or stem which may exist in a saturated or super heated state

A

Vapor

160
Q

vapor in the air is saturated

A

Saturated vapor

161
Q

air containing superheated vapor

A

Unsaturated air

162
Q

heat does not affect the temperature of the

substance but damage its state

A

Latent heat

163
Q

the heat absorbed or given by a substance

that changes its temperature

A

Sensible heat

164
Q

sum of latent heat and sensible heat

A

Total heat

165
Q

the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapor in the
air to the saturation pressure corresponding to the temperature of the air

A

Relative Humidity

166
Q

the difference between the

reading of the dry bulb and wet bulb temperature

A

Wet bulb

167
Q

is the saturation
temperature corresponding to the actual partial pressure of
the stem in air or the temperature at which condensation of
the moisture begin when the air is cooled at constant pressure

A

Dew point temperature

168
Q

the ratio of the air humidity

ratio (SH or W) to the humidity ratio of saturated air ( SHs or
Ws ) at the same temperature

A

Degree of saturation

169
Q

mixture of dry air and water vapor is the sum of
the enthalpy of the dry air and the enthalpy of the water vapor.

A

Enthalpy

170
Q

In an air-water vapor mixture, the temperature which is
the measure of the total heat of the mixture

A

Dry bulb

171
Q

In the refrigeration system the heat absorbed in the
evaporator per pound of refrigerant passing through

a. equals the increase in enthalpy
b. equals the increase in volume
c. equals the change in temperature
d. equals the change in entropy

A

c. equals the change in temperature

172
Q

• If the wet bulb and dry bulb reading of air temperature
are identical

a. the thermometers are in error
b. the air is saturated
c. the relative humidity is zero
d. the mixture is completely dry

A

c. the relative humidity is zero

173
Q

Sensible heat

a. can be measured/computed with a thermometer
b. cannot be measured
c. increases with cold
d. depends on the volume

A

a. can be measured/computed with a thermometer

174
Q

• As heat is removed from a substance it gets colder. When no more heat can be removed and the temperature cannot be lowered any further, we have
reached

a. perfect zero
b. absolute zero
c. double zero
d. cold zero

A

d. cold zero

175
Q

In an ideal refrigeration cycle, liquid leaves the condenser and is expanded in such a manner that the enthalpy of the liquid is equal to the enthalpy of the resulting saturated mixture. This type of expansion is known as

A

isochoric

176
Q

• The lower horizontal line of the refrigeration cycle plotted on the pressure enthalpy diagram represents

a. compression of refrigerant vapor
b. evaporation of liquid refrigerant
c. condensation of refrigerant vapor
d. metering of liquid refrigerant

A

d. metering of liquid refrigerant

177
Q

• In which part of vapor compression system there is a change in pressure and temperature

a. Evaporator b. condenser
c. compressor d. dryer

A

c. compressor

178
Q

What refrigerant is most commonly used for air conditioning of passenger air craft

A

CO2

179
Q

• The amount of heat required to change the temperature of one unit weight of substance into one degree unit of temperature

A

specific heat

180
Q

When air is saturated the wet bulb depression is

A

Unity

181
Q

• The vertical line of refrigeration cycle plotted in the pressure enthalpy diagram represents

A

a. compression of refrigerant vapor

Area 3 (7 decks)

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