Reformations, Wars and Absolutism- Unit 2

Question 1

Context of the Protestant reformation

Answer 1

• Crises in the Church
• New Monarchies (triangle of power)
• Population shifts (growing: urban, middle class, Northern Cities)
• Printing Press- spears of ideas

Question 2

Protestant Reformation

Answer 2

a religious reform movement that swept through Europe in the 1500s. It resulted in the creation of a branch of Christianity called Protestantism, a name used collectively to refer to the many religious groups that separated from the Roman Catholic Church due to differences in doctrine.

Question 3

Martin Luther

Answer 3

A man 🙄

Question 4

Common Themes in Protestantism

Answer 4

• Sola Scriptura (Scripture alone)
• Sola Gratia (Grace alone)
• Sola Fide (Faith alone)
• Anti-hierarchical
• No Purgatory

Question 5

Calvinism

Answer 5

• Founded by John Calvin
• Breaks from RC church in 1530, moved to Switzerland
• Cerebral Theology
• Predestination
• The Elect (gods favourites basically)
• Council of Elders (Consistories)

Question 6

Predestination

Answer 6

the divine foreordaining of all that will happen, especially with regard to the salvation of some and not others. It has been particularly associated with the teachings of St. Augustine of Hippo and of Calvin.

Question 7

Consistories (in Calvinism)

Answer 7

the authority in the local church, generally made up of all the teaching Elders (ministers) and the ruling elders (lay leaders).

Question 8

Anabaptism

Answer 8

• The radicals of the Reformation
• Radically decentralized -> Radical variety
• Evangelical Christians today
• “Spiritual Cancer” (RC & Protestants)

Question 9

Henry VIII Health issues

Answer 9

• Jousting accident
• Diabetes
• Legs
• Intense Obesity (400 lbs)
• Diet

Question 10

Henry’s Wives

Answer 10

• Catherine of Aragon (1509-1533)
• Anne Boleyn (1533-1536)
• Jane Seymour (1536-1537)
• Anne of Cleves (1540)
• Catherine Howard (1540-1542)
• Katherine Parr (1543-1547)

Question 11

The “Kings Great Matter”

Answer 11

King Henry’s wish for an annulment from Catherine of Aragon

Question 12

Henry’s Main Advisors

Answer 12

• Thomas Cromwell
• Thomas Cranmer

Question 13

Thomas Cromwell

Answer 13

• Lord Chancellor to King Henry VIII
• oversaw and improved govt. records and finances
• managed dissolution of the monasteries

Question 14

Thomas Cranmer

Answer 14

• Archbishop of Canterbury (1533)
• Advised the King, and guided ecclesiastical policy doctrine

Question 15

The Reformation Parliament

Answer 15

Henry married Anne Boleyn is secret and engineers a parliament friendly to his wishes

Question 16

The Acts and what they meant

Answer 16

• The Act of Supremacy (1534)
  - King “the… Head in Earth of the
  Church of England
  - Validates Henry and Anne’s
  Marriage
  - Loyalty Demanded
• The Treasons Act (1534)
  - High treason (death) not to
  acknowledge the king as the
  Church leader

Question 17

Dissolution of Monasteries

Answer 17

In 1539 England’s monasteries were dissolved and their property transferred to the Crown

Question 18

Pilgrimage of Grace

Answer 18

The intense yet peaceful protest over the demolishing of the monasteries and the self reappointment of Henry VIII as the head of the Church of England which ended in Henry killing the leader with the pretence of hearing him out. Massed 40000 supporters near end

Question 19

Henry VIII Act of Succession

Answer 19

• Edward
• Mary
• Elizabeth

Question 20

The Captivity of Elizabeth

Answer 20

Implicated in a plot to overthrow Mary which lead her to be imprisoned in the Tower of London. Released on request of Philip II of Spain (Mary’s Husband)

Question 21

Semper Eadem

Answer 21

“Always the Same”, the motto of Elizabeth’s rule

Question 22

The Act of Uniformity

Answer 22

An Act of the Parliament of England, passed in 1559, to regularise prayer, divine worship and the administration of the sacraments in the Church of England.
- a set form of worship
- common prayer book (vernacular)
- communion (vague- inclusion of all)
- was opposed by the nobles