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social 20-ap > Late Middle Ages and the Renaissance- Unit 1/ Pt.2 > Flashcards

Late Middle Ages and the Renaissance- Unit 1/ Pt.2 Flashcards

1
Q

Charlemagne

A
  • King of the Franks (768-814 C.E.)
  • Conquers and Unites many neighbouring regions
  • Rel. peace and stability
  • Declared “Emperor of the Romans” by the pope in 800 C.E.
  • brought on the Carolingian Renaissance from his love of the arts
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2
Q

Crises of the Late Medieval Period

A
  • Heresies, Schism, Corruption
  • Population overcrowding
  • Medieval Cooling Period
  • The Black Death
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3
Q

The Black Death

A

A plague from Asia that came via trade routes which was responsible in the death of most of Europe (1347-53)

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4
Q

What was the Medieval Understanding of the Black Death?

A
  • Religious Punishment
  • Folklore & Traditional remedies
  • Astrological/Hermetic explanations
  • and some took a rational approach to study the plague
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5
Q

Universities

A
  • First established in the High Middle Ages
  • Spread/multiplied rapidly
  • Dominated by scholasticism
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6
Q

Scholastism

A

the system of theology and philosophy taught in medieval European universities, based on Aristotelian logic and the writings of the early Church Fathers and having a strong emphasis on tradition and dogma.

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7
Q

The Hundred Years War

A

The Hundred Years’ War (1337–1453) was a series of conflicts fought between England and France over succession to the French throne

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8
Q

Fall of the Byzantine Empire

A

Lol

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9
Q

Italian and Northern Renaissance Humanism

A

A devotion to understanding the classical age and art as they were, and through this vehicle, a reinvigorated understanding of Humanity and our world

Being Coloured more so by Christianity in the North

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10
Q

The Notable Medici’s

A
  • Giovanni de Medici
  • Cosimo de Medici
  • Lorenzo de Medici
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11
Q

Reasons for the Medici Dynasty and The Florence Renaissance

A
  • High Population and Money Economy in High-Late Medieval Europe
  • Crusades which helped trade in luxuries from the Easts
  • Italy is geographically well positioned for trade
  • Development of Wealthy (Non-Noble) Families
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12
Q

Giovanni de Medici

A
  • The Start to the Medici Dynasties Wealth
  • Wool Merchant -> Financier
  • Managed the Papal Finances
  • Got Mining right from his friend Pope John XXIII
  • Inclined to Modesty
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13
Q

Cosimo “The Elder”

A
  • Generous Patron of Arts and Humanism
  • Extends the Medici web of influence
  • Behind the scenes “ruler” from 1434 until his death
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14
Q

Cosimo’s Client and What they’re Known for

A
  • Filippo Brunelleschi
    • Linked with development of Linear
      Perspective
    • The Duomo Florence
  • Donatello
    • “David”
  • Filippo Lippi
    • “Fallen” Monk
    • Fabric Sculpting Techniques
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15
Q

Lorenzo “the Magnificent” de Medici

A
  • Succeeded Cosimo’s Son, in his 20s (Pietro)
  • Educated to be a Polymath
  • Enthusiastic Patron of the Arts
  • Business declines under him
  • Survives the “Pazzi Conspiracy”
  • Assumes direct control of Florence
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16
Q

Piero “the Unfortunate” de Medici

A

Immediately deals with troubles
- Weaker finances of Family
- Competing factions within Florence
- Invasion of Italy by France
- Religious Backlash
Forced to flee Florence (1494)

17
Q

Savonarola

A

A Dominican Monk that preaches against the “Depravity” of the Renaissance and helps to overthrow Piero “the Unfortunate” Medici until the City begins to turn on him for defying Pope Alexander VI

18
Q

Causes for the later decline of Florence

A
  • 16th C. Larger Powers begin to dominate Italy
  • Florence Renaissance subsides
  • Medici exiled from Florence with their money
  • Some (ex Cosimo) manage to remain Control (support of H.R.E)
  • End of Republic —> Duchy of Tuscany
19
Q

Modern Humanism

A

A philosophical and ethical stance that emphasizes the value and agency of Human beings, individually and collectively, and generally prefers critical thinking and evidence

20
Q

Classicism

A

Great admiration/respect for the literature, philosophy, art, architecture, etc of the ancient Greeks and Romans. This is unto itself without (necessarily) any correspondence or translation into the present world

21
Q

Paganism

A

An influence from Classical texts, art- outside of/ varying from traditional Christian Values; a focus on sensuality, hedonism, materialism, life in the present

22
Q

Dignity of Man

A

A book written by a man

23
Q

Neo-Platonism

A

Neoplatonists believed human perfection and happiness were attainable in this world, without awaiting an afterlife

24
Q

Machiavelli- The Prince

A

A short treatise written by Machiavelli on how to acquire power, create a state, and keep it via an entirely secular approach to ruling

25
Q

Renaissance Values in People

A

Sprezzatura
- To make difficult tasks look easy, and
to be nonchalant
Renaissance Man
- To have a wide range of talents and
education

26
Q

Baldassare Castiglione- The Book of the Courtier

A

Conveys two previous ideas
- A Courtier should be adept/fluent in many different areas (war, philosophy, culture/the arts, manners, heraldry)

  • A Courtier should also maintain an air of sprezzatura in their talents & accomplishments
  • Sometimes (jokingly) called; How to get ahead at a Renaissance Court
27
Q

What made Donatello’s David special?

A
  • The first nude sculpture since classical times
  • Hinted at Homosexuality
  • Contrappdosto Stance (hip twist, hip alignment, “alive”)
28
Q

What made Paolo Uccello’s Battle of San Romano special?

A
  • It’s a Triptych, each 6’h x 10’w (on wood)
  • Commemorating Florentine Victory over rivals Sienna & Milan ( & Luca) in 1432
  • Realism
  • Entirely Secular
  • Perspective (early development.Brun)
  • Prominence & distinctiveness of Niccolo da Tolentino, the commander of the “Condottier” (mercenaries) fighting for Florence
  • Monument to Sir John Hawkwood (a Veteran of the 100yrs War)
29
Q

What made Pierro della Francesca’s Baptism of Christ so special?

A
  • Symmetry
  • Master of Perspective
  • Golden Ration (L or R)
30
Q

Botticelli’s most famous paintings and his influence

A
  • Adoration of the Magi (c. 1475)
  • La Primavera (c. 1477-82)
  • The Birth of Venus (c. 1486)
    Classical Influences
  • Venus rising from the Sea
  • Michelangello’s The Creation of Adam (c. 1511-12)
31
Q

Michelangelo’s David

A
  • Two Sculptors had tried and failed
  • Challenging block
    • 2’ thick at one point
    • no room for errors
  • Art as Politics
    • Orig. intended for Cathedral
    • Symbol against exiled Medici (Piero)
    • Attacked on its delivery by Medici
      Supporters
32
Q

Da Vinci

A
  • Mona Lisa (c. 1503-17)
    • Portraits are very popular in the
      Renaissance
    • Unconventional due to Time spent
      creating it, Fuzzy Landscape,
      Unadorned Simplicity and Subtle
      smiling facial anatomy

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