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Reformation Flashcards

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1
Q

What was Humanism?

A

Going back to the original source (used within academic circles)

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2
Q

Who was the primary humanist?

A

Erasmus

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3
Q

What was Erasmus’ approach to reformation?

A

Shepard people in the right direction

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4
Q

What was Luthers approach to reformation?

A

aggressiveness and made people take a side

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5
Q

Because Erasmus wasn’t aggressive, he ended up defending _______.

A

the Catholic Church

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6
Q

What did the pope send Luther that started an uproar?

A

A Boll calling him a heretic

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7
Q

What did Luther do with the Boll and other important documents?

A

burned them

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8
Q

What was Luther’s assumed role in his family?

A

He was supposed to be educated, become a lawyer, and pull his family into a higher class

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9
Q

What happened to Luther when he was 20 years old?

A

He was caught in a rain storm and feared that he would meet God

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10
Q

Who does Luther make a vow with during the rain storm?

A

St Ann

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11
Q

What did Luther vow during the rain storm?

A

that if he survived he would become an Augustine monk

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12
Q

Luther was very _____ in his monk lifestyle.

A

Legalistic

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13
Q

What NT jewish sect did Luther resemble and why?

A

Pharisees because he was a strong rule follower and never felt as if he had repented of every sin

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14
Q

Who was anxious that not all sins were forgiven and that they needed to confess unknown sins?

A

Luther

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15
Q

What did the person Luther was confessing to say to him after Luther was repenting excessively?

A

that he just needs to love God

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16
Q

When Luther was told he needed to just Love God, what did that make him realize?

A

that he hated God because he saw him as an UNFAIR JUDGE who would condemn not matter what

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17
Q

What did Luthers monastery do with him to “cure” him?

A

Sent him to Uni. of Wittenburg to teach theology

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18
Q

What was the first class that Luther taught?

A

Psalms

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19
Q

What did teaching on the book of Psalm teach Luther?

A

That christ experienced similar despair as him

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20
Q

What was the second class Luther taught?

A

Romans

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21
Q

What did teaching romans reveal to Luther?

A

passive righteousness

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22
Q

what is passive righteousness? (Luther)

A

righteousness of Christ is loaned by faith so that we can be in right relationship with God

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23
Q

What is active righteousness? (Luther)

A

righteousness is the position against sin and the work of punishing sin

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24
Q

God’s righteousness is the active work of …

A

God making sinners righteous

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25
Q

Luther fought for ______ through ______ alone.

A

Justification, faith

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26
Q

Prior to his romans revelation, Luther thought that God destroyed _____ not their _____.

A

sinners, sin

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27
Q

What was the scholarly way of having conversations in the early 14th century?

A

posting theses

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28
Q

What is posting theses equivalent to our way of life?

A

posting an update on Facebook

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29
Q

Luther originally posted ____ theses.

A

97

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30
Q

Who was selling indulgences when Luther posted his theses?

A

John Tetzel

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31
Q

Why is Luther upset with John Tetzel?

A

Because justification comes through faith not indulgences

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32
Q

In response to John Tetzel, Luther does what?

A

Posts 95 theses meant for scholars in 1517

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33
Q

True or False: Luther was trying to start a revolt among lay people when he posted the 95 theses?

A

false. someone translated the theses from latin and mass distributed them to lay people using the printing press

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34
Q

what invention aided Luthers reformation?

A

the printing press

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35
Q

How did the lay people respond to Luthers Theses?

A

they were upset with the corruption of the church

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36
Q

Name a method of theology

A

theology of glory, theology of the cross

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37
Q

What is theology of glory?

A

wanting to know god apart from suffering and the crucified christ

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38
Q

what is a theology of the cross?

A

knowing god only in and through the crucified christ

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39
Q

a theology of glory points to …

A

works

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40
Q

a theology of the cross points to…

A

Jesus and his suffering

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41
Q

Luther rejects _____

A

scholasticism

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42
Q

according to Luther, The word of God is _____

A

Jesus

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43
Q

according to Luther, God makes himself known through ____

A

Jesus

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44
Q

according to Luther, there is nothing that is ______ apart from Jesus.

A

the word of God

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45
Q

according to Luther, Scripture is the _____ to God’s work in Jesus.

A

witness

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46
Q

What book does Luther believe shouldn’t be canon?

A

James

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47
Q

according to Luther, all scripture should ….

A

point to Jesus

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48
Q

according to Luther, The gospel is not a _____ but a ______

A

message, person

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49
Q

According to Luther, all scripture must be ______ in a way that agrees with ______

A

interpreted, the gospel

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50
Q

Who was still excluded from Luther priesthood of all believers?

A

women

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51
Q

What was Luthers priesthood of all believers rooted in?

A

that we are justified by faith and no longer need a priest to be a gatekeeper. we all receive the HS

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52
Q

Luther viewed law and gospel as _____ and _______

A

judgement and grace

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53
Q

Luther doesn’t see a positive view of the law because it ….

A

reveals and condemns sin

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54
Q

Luther lacks a theology of ______ because his theology of ________ is so loud

A

sanctification, justification

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55
Q

what does sanctification mean?

A

becoming more like Jesus

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56
Q

what does “Simul Justus et Peccator” mean?

A

at the same time both justified and a sinner

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57
Q

Luther thought that if you truly loved god and were doing what you want….

A

what you would be doing are the things of God

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58
Q

True or false: Luther said that God doesn’t care what you do

A

false. it just seems like this because his understanding of sanctification is lacking

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59
Q

according to Luthers understanding of law and grace, law brings what?

A

condemnation and death

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60
Q

according to Luthers understanding of law and grace, grace brings what?

A

righteousness and life

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61
Q

What 2 reformers were the same age and reforming at the same time?

A

Luther and Zwingli

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62
Q

According to Luther, all scripture is word of god but what is the key to interpreting it?

A

the gospel

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63
Q

who killed Zwingli?

A

captain fuckinger (I’ve heard this is an extra credit question:)

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64
Q

What was Zwinglis doctrine influenced by?

A

humanism

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65
Q

Zwingli emphasizes _____ more than Luther.

A

scholasticism

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66
Q

Zwingli said the Bible has _____ and ______ priority.

A

theological, historical

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67
Q

what does historical priority mean?

A

the Bible was a founding document and so we should look there

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68
Q

what does theological priority mean?

A

the Bible is gods word so we look there

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69
Q

Zwingli had a more ____ approach to scripture.

A

logical

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70
Q

What is revelation?

A

the word of god

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71
Q

Zwingli would say that gods Providence (or gods work in the world) means what?

A

God is absolute in his sovereignty and authority

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72
Q

Zwingli was very strong and deterministic in his view of gods work in the world, so strong that he would argue that…

A

everything that happens is done so by gods will

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73
Q

what does Zwinglis doctrine of election mean?

A

that salvation is entirely in Gods hands, God chooses who will be saved

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74
Q

what is Zwinglis view of law and gospel?

A

that they are the same thing and it is seen in a positive view

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75
Q

what is the law of love?

A

love god and love others

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76
Q

what are the three aspects to Zwinglis view of law and gospel?

A

civil, ceremonial, and moral

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77
Q

what does Zwingli mean by law and grace that is civil, ceremonial, and moral? (define each one)

A

civil - how to live, ceremonial - how to worship, moral - how to exist with people and with god

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78
Q

Zwingli had a fuller view of ___ than Luther.

A

sanctification

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79
Q

Zwingli was influenced by dualism. he said, “________”

A

“the finite cannot bear the weight of the invisible”

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80
Q

what early greek philosopher was Zwingli influenced by?

A

plato (strong dualist)

81
Q

what is Zwinglis regulative principle?

A

whatever is not commanded is forbidden

82
Q

Zwinglis regulative principle made him very ____

A

iconoclastic

83
Q

the______ movement is iconoclastic

A

reformed movement

84
Q

what was Zwinglis view on sacraments?

A

that material things could not hold or give access to spiritual things. (very evident in communion)

85
Q

what was Zwinglis view of baptism?

A

infant baptism. it is a sign from the community that the child belongs to them

86
Q

Zwingli thought the church was made up of the _____ and the ______

A

visible and invisible

87
Q

Zwingli would say the elect are _____

A

the invisible church, the true Jesus followers

88
Q

Zwingli would say mixed company is ______

A

the visible church, those who say they are Jesus followers

89
Q

what is Zwinglis purpose for the church?

A

to proclaim the gospel and disciple (that includes discipline) its members

90
Q

what is Zwinglis view of church government?

A

church exists in local groups and should be governed by itself

91
Q

Zwingli thought that church and state should work together because ….

A

they have the same agenda and are both accountable to god and his law

92
Q

what context is helpful in understanding why Zwingli argued for a close relationship between church and state?

A

because he lived in Zurich where the city council ran the church

93
Q

list three things Zwingli was known for…

A

school of Antioch, gods sovereignty, dedication to biblical preaching, insistent on infant baptism, or close relationship between church and state

94
Q

name 2 marks of the radical reformation…

A

tendency toward biblicism, symbolic understanding of the sacraments, emphasis on authoritative local congregation, tendency towards dualism

95
Q

John Calvin was the true ________ theologian

A

systematic

96
Q

where was John Calvin from?

A

Geneva, Switzerland

97
Q

what work did John Calvin produce?

A

the institutes

98
Q

what was the primary theme of the institutes?

A

sovereign grace (how those two things come together)

99
Q

John Calvin appreciated _____ and _______

A

order and distinction

100
Q

Calvin said because of sin we can’t look at the ______ and turn to ______

A

natural world, worship

101
Q

who said, “every one of us from our mothers womb is a factory of idols”

A

John Calvin

102
Q

Calvin would say that gods chosen instrument that points us to Jesus is ______

A

scripture

103
Q

Calvin says ____ enlightens our minds with understanding of scriptures

A

the Holy Spirit

104
Q

God revealing himself is an example of God’s ____ and GOd choosing to reveal himself is an example of God’s ____

A

sovereignty and grace

105
Q

God is above creation and gives creation its own _____ (Calvin)

A

integrity (god makes things concrete and doesn’t mess with them (ex: gravity))

106
Q

God can create= _____
God choosing to create=___

A

sovereignty
grace

107
Q

human can do _____ to save themselves (Calvin)

A

nothing

108
Q

Calvin affirmed _____ and _____

A

OG sin, total depravity ( every part of us is affected by sin

109
Q

Calvin thinks _____ is the guarantor of our salvation

A

the Holy Spirit

110
Q

what does duplex gratia mean?

A

double grace

111
Q

how do you receive duplex gratia or double grace?

A

through union with christ

112
Q

Calvin says that the law …

A

reveals sin, restrains evil, and reveals gods will to those who believe

113
Q

what three things did Calvin emphasize order in?

A

doctrine, church government, and relationship between church and state

114
Q

Calvin loved _____ whereas Luther loved _____

A

clarity, paradox

115
Q

in Calvins eyes, what is distinct but united?

A

law and gospel

116
Q

Calvin found little value in _____

A

theological speculation

117
Q

what is theological speculation?

A

searching for answering in mystery. (looking to ask questions instead of answers being revealed)

118
Q

____ gives order to scripture and helps articulate doctrine (Calvin)

A

creeds and confessions

119
Q

Calvin’s view on church government was…

A

that not one person should have too much power. divided offices up

120
Q

what does church polity mean?

A

how the church is governed

121
Q

what does presbyterian mean?

A

church governed by multiple people (congregational focused)

122
Q

Calvin was hoping that between church and state, the _____ would be influenced by ______ but stay distinct from it

A

state, church

123
Q

what is another name for anabaptist?

A

rebaptizers

124
Q

why were they called rebaptizers?

A

because they practiced believers baptism

125
Q

anabaptists are associated with the _____ reformation.

A

radical

126
Q

what was the goal of the radical reformation?

A

to recreate the NT church

127
Q

radicals saw the NT church as a ________ ________

A

voluntary institution

128
Q

radicals believe that belonging in the church came through _____

A

belief in Jesus

129
Q

what is different about radical church membership than other reformations/the Catholic Church?

A

they believe you weren’t born into the church

130
Q

What were radicals view on the relationship between church and state?

A

that church and state are entirely SEPARATE institutions

131
Q

Who liked the anabaptists?

A

literally no one so they can to america to make friends :)

132
Q

why did anabaptists reject infant baptism?

A

because it was a sacrament that is completed without the consent of the individual and it births them into church membership

133
Q

radicals say that baptism should follow a _____

A

confession of faith

134
Q

_______tended to lean towards pacifism

A

anabaptists

135
Q

who was an anabaptist leader that lead people away from the heart of the radical reformation?

A

John liden (practiced polygamy, city wide starvation, etc)

136
Q

who corrected John liden?

A

menno simons

137
Q

which modern day denomination stems from menno Simons?

A

mennonites

138
Q

how did Anabaptists tend toward dualism?

A

thought that sacraments dont hold reality they just represent something

139
Q

what were radical symbols of church membership?

A

the sacraments

140
Q

What was the inquisition?

A

a powerful office set up within the Catholic Church to root out and punish heresy

141
Q

who started the Spanish inquisition?

A

Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain (power couple)

142
Q

Why was the Spanish inquisition more dangerous?

A

because it was ruled by the state not the pope so they could use state weapons

143
Q

What two religious groups did the Spanish inquisition expel?

A

jews and muslims

144
Q

what is another name for the Jesuits?

A

society of Jesus

145
Q

what was the purpose of the jesuits?

A

to restore Roman Catholic church to authority of innocent the 3rd

146
Q

jesuits can be seen as the _____ branch of the Catholic Church

A

missional

147
Q

who was the main leader of the jesuits?

A

Ignatius of Loyola

148
Q

Ignatius of Loyola was know for his…

A

absolute devotion to the Catholic church and the authority of the pope

149
Q

what council was the catholic response to the protestant reformation?

A

council of Trent

150
Q

what two things did the council of Trent do?

A
  1. affirmed teaching and traditions of church
  2. called for a reform in the practical and moral life of the church
151
Q

the catholic reformation was not a ______ reformation but a _______ reformation

A

doctrinal, moral (changed the way they did church not doctrine)

152
Q

Luther was from the school of _______

A

Alexandria (unity)

153
Q

Zwingli was from the school of ______

A

Antioch (distinction)

154
Q

what was the main question of the Marburg colloquy?

A

can christ be in more than one place at once?

155
Q

why was Zwingli worried that Christ can be in more than one place at a time?

A

because then how is Jesus fully human? thats not humanly possible

156
Q

why was Luther concerned that Zwingli was questioning Jesus’ ability to be in more than one place at a time?

A

because Luther says that you can only know god through tangible things and so if God isn’t in it we can truly know him.

157
Q

ubiquity is a ______ quality.

A

divine

158
Q

what is Communicatio idiomatum?

A

a Christological concept about the interaction of deity and humanity in the person of Jesus Christ.

159
Q

what did the Marburg colloquy revolve around?

A

Communicatio idiomatum

160
Q

Calvin was apart of the ____ school

A

Antioch

161
Q

Catholic Church would fall under the school of ______

A

Alexandra

162
Q

the Lord’s supper was a ________ debate

A

christological

163
Q

who put forth the idea of transubstantiation?

A

Thomas aquinas

164
Q

what church practiced transubstantiation?

A

Roman Catholic Church

165
Q

real presence is the idea that christ is ….

A

uniquely present

166
Q

what is the latin word for with

A

con

167
Q

transubstantiation says that the ____ of the bread and wine remain the same while the _____ changes.

A

accidents, substance

168
Q

what are accidents?

A

a things outward appearance

169
Q

what are substances?

A

a things essential being

170
Q

transubstantiation : Christ is physically and spiritually present __ the bread and the wine

A

in

171
Q

consubstantiation: christ is physically and spiritually present _____ the bread and the wine

A

with

172
Q

what are the two main lords supper passages?

A

Matthew 26:26-28
John 6:35-59

173
Q

the importance of Matthew 26:26-28 is that….

A

Jesus says this is my body

174
Q

the importance of the John 6:35-59 passage is that ..

A

Jesus is the bread of life and we are to eat his flesh

175
Q

what is Luthers main example of what happens to the elements during the lords supper?

A

its like an iron rod being put into fire. still iron but its been interpenetrated by fire

176
Q

Luther would say that the bread and wine are ______ by Christs blood and body

A

interpenetrated

177
Q

____ says that christ is in with and under the bread and wine

A

Luther

178
Q

_______ and -_____ are both uniquely physically and have the same biblical interpretation

A

transubstantiation and consubstantiation (catholic and Lutheran)

179
Q

dynamic presence is marked by who and what reformation?

A

John Calvin and reformed

180
Q

reformed tradition would say that the lords supper is a ______ because we do not eat _______ but we eat ____ him

A

covenant meal, him, with

181
Q

Calvin wants people to think about correct ______ when thinking about the lords supper.

A

interpretation. how did the OG audience hear and interpret this?

182
Q

what is a sign (dynamic presence)

A

when one thing represents another thing (ex a wedding ring represents you are married)

183
Q

what is a seal (dynamic Pre.)

A

when one thing contains the reality of the thing it points to (ex passport, you are not an American citizen in a foreign country without a passport)

184
Q

true or false : the signs and seals are the vehicle to bring us into Christs presence spiritually that we dont get at any other time

A

true

185
Q

who and what is the memorial view associated with?

A

radical reformation, Anabaptists, and Zwingli

186
Q

Anabaptist say that communion is just a ____ and not a ____

A

sign, seal

187
Q

memorial view of the lord supper would say that christ is…

A

not uniquely present at that time

188
Q

what is the memorial view of the lords supper biblical basis?

A

Paul says do it in remembrance of me

189
Q

what were the tools of the priest in the Anglican reformation?

A

Book, worship, language

190
Q

what did the book of common prayer do for lay people?

A

invited them into worship

191
Q

what was the purpose of the book of common prayer?

A

to educated and invite people to worship

192
Q

the anglican reformation was first ______ and then ______

A

political, theological

193
Q

what was the main tool of the anglican reformation?

A

the book of common prayer

194
Q

what was the highest church position in england?

A

Archbishop of Canterbury

195
Q

what were the three types of people in European society?

A

priests, common people, fighters

196
Q

according to the anglican reformation, the purpose of worship is to

A

shape and train the church

197
Q

who wrote the book of common prayer?

A

Thomas Cranmer

198
Q

who divorced his wife and took church property?

A

Henry the 8th

199
Q

who was Henry the 8ths wife?

A

Catherine of aragon

Church History (3 decks)

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