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Medieval Ages Flashcards

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1
Q

True or False: Donatist Controversy happened while Augustine was alive.

A

False. Augustines contributions were added nearly 70 years later.

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2
Q

What was the Donatist Controversy?

A

A group of priests who gave up their faith during Roman persecution and then wanted to return to the church after Constantine accepted faith in the empire. Would they be allowed to hop back into leadership or not?

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3
Q

what types of things did the Roman Government demand from priests as a form of persecution?

A

their copy of scriptures, lists of Christians in the area, Lords supper materials, or Lists of bishops

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4
Q

Who were traditores?

A

Anyone leaders who betrayed church or faith (includes people who only handed over items not abandoned faith completely)

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5
Q

What key question was raised from the Donatist controversy?

A

How does the church respond after a period of persecution?

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6
Q

What does Cyprian add to the Donatist controversy?

A

bishops have to trace themselves back to apostles BC the church NEEDS bishops

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7
Q

Cyprian says the church is characterized by ______

A

Apostolicity

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8
Q

Donatist says that the church is categorized by its _____

A

Holiness

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9
Q

Cyprian believes traditores _____ be let in and Donatist believes traditores _____ be let in

A

should, shouldn’t

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10
Q

traditores unholiness _____ the church according to donatist.

A

invalidates

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11
Q

other name for the donatist party…

A

rigorist party

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12
Q

Which city had two bishops in 313 that didn’t acknowledge each other?

A

Carthage

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13
Q

who were the rival bishops in Carthage in 313?

A

Donatist and a traditore

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14
Q

the donatist is a controversy of ______ not _____

A

Behavior, Teaching

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15
Q

What three words did Augustine say the church is?

A

Apostolic, Holy, and Catholic

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16
Q

Ex Opere Operato means…

A

by the work worked… sacraments are enough because of the action itself

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17
Q

Augustine says the church is apostolic which means…

A

anyone rightly put into office has the authority to conduct the ministry of Christ. (Anyone revoked from a position then doesn’t have authority to do so)

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18
Q

Any sacrament done by a traditore is _____

A

invalid

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19
Q

Augustine says that any sacrament done by a traditore is ________ Because_____.

A

valid, God appointed them and does the work not the bishop

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20
Q

Augustine says the church is holy which means_____.

A

the holiness of the church is based on union with christ through the HS– NOT based on actions of people.

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21
Q

when the church is ______ it becomes holy.

A

united to Christ

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22
Q

What parable relates to the visible and indivisible church?

A

the wheat and the tares

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23
Q

what is the visible church?

A

all those who claim to be or identify as followers of Christ.

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24
Q

what is the invisible church?

A

all those who really are followers of Christ.

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25
Q

Augustine says the church is Catholic which means…

A

church is one united church for one God.

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26
Q

donatist are not apart of the one, true church because…

A

they dont agree with Augustines definitions of apostolic, holy, and catholic

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27
Q

What controversial thing did Augustine do against the Donatist party?

A

Let the Roman military take over (Donatists were also using force)

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28
Q

What did Augustines approval of military force start?

A

The use of government in fighting the church battles

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29
Q

the church is marked by ______,_______, and _______.

A

union with God, each other and the truth

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30
Q

what US city is comparable to Carthage?

A

Las Vegas (“sinful” culture)

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31
Q

who saw the problems in Carthage and proposed a theology solution?

A

Pelagius

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32
Q

what was a common view of sin in Carthage?

A

that God knows everything and what will happen so in short HE makes people sin

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33
Q

What words do Pelagius and Augustine discuss to try and fix the sin problem in Carthage?

A

Sin, Grace, Free will, and salvation

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34
Q

what are the 3 aspects of free will according to Pelagius?

A

capacity, volition, and action

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35
Q

what does capacity mean? (Pelagius)

A

ability to do good or evil (Gods gift to us– able to do good)

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36
Q

What does Volition mean? (Pelagius)

A

the will to do good or evil

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37
Q

What does action mean? (Pelagius)

A

act itself which is either good or evil (where sin happens)

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38
Q

what is Pelagius definition of sin?

A

any action that violates Gods law

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39
Q

what’s Pelagius definition of grace?

A

Gods response to sin

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40
Q

what 4 things fall under Gods grace according to Pelagius? (they are gifts to us)

A

Free will, the law, teachings, forgiveness

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41
Q

why is the law a gift from God?

A

He makes it clear of what he wants and expects from us

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42
Q

why is teaching on the law a gift from God?

A

it helps us interpret the law and understand it

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43
Q

why is forgiveness a gift from God?

A

it cleanses us from sin

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44
Q

what type of grace is forgiveness?

A

restorative

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45
Q

what type of grace is free will, the law, and teachings on the law?

A

preventative

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46
Q

What was Pelagius view on salvation?

A

it comes through right relationship with God and perfect living OR forgiveness (two types of grace = two routes to salvation)

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47
Q

Who did Pelagius think lived a perfect life beside Jesus?

A

job

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48
Q

what does Pelagius view on salvation deny?

A

Original Sin (Adams sin only effects Adam/ humanity has a non-headship relationship to him)

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49
Q

explain natural headship

A

all of humanity is in Adam. he is like a spiritual father. what he does we do. (ex: pregnant women can’t do certain things when pregnant)

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50
Q

explain federal headship

A

the idea that Adam is our appointed representative. We elected him so whatever he does we all do. Jesus is the second Adam and corrects living so that what he does we do.

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51
Q

What was Augustines view on sin?

A

Any NATURE that is contrary to God’s will and inevitably results in action that violate God’s law (focus on WHERE the actions are rooted)

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52
Q

What was Augustine’s view on Grace?

A

forgiveness and new creation through Jesus Christ

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53
Q

What portion of Grace does Augustine disagree with Pelagius?

A

the law – is not a form of grace because you can follow the law out of fear of punishment and that no longer constitutes as grace

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54
Q

what is Augustine’s definition of Free Will?

A

Ability to act within your nature

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55
Q

what does posse non peccare mean?

A

possible NOT to sin

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56
Q

What does non posse non peccare mean?

A

not possible not to sin

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57
Q

What does non posse peccare mean?

A

not possible to sin

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58
Q

What is augustines view on salvation?

A

being in right relationship with God through the death and resurrection of Jesus which by the power of the HS brings new creation

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59
Q

What happens to Rome when it is declining? (city and empire)

A

barbarians attack it

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60
Q

what does papacy mean?

A

power of the pope

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61
Q

Which city does the pope come from?

A

Rome

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62
Q

Who is the first bishop to make an argument for the need for a pope?

A

Leo I

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63
Q

What key person from the NT does Leo I look to for arguing the papacy?

A

Peter

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64
Q

Why is the bishop of Rome the pope? (Why not any other city?)

A

Because Peter was a pope in Rome and so they follow apostolic succession

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65
Q

what were some political things happening in Rome while Leo I was fighting for the papacy?

A

Council of Chalcedon, Attila the Hun advancing on Rome, Vandals attempting to attack Rome

66
Q

Who saved Rome when tribes tried to invade and destroy?

A

Leo I

67
Q

who was a highly organized pope?

A

Gregory the Great

68
Q

Which pope used church land to grow crops and feed the poor?

A

Gregory the Great

69
Q

Which pope established the pope as a political leader?

A

Gregory the great

70
Q

Which pope was attacked and didn’t know if they could be pope anymore?

A

Leo III

71
Q

Leo III’s authority was in jeopardy so who did he call on to bring in military aid?

A

Charles the Great (King of the Franks)

72
Q

To repay Charles the Great for helping win over the papacy, Leo III did what?

A

made him the emperor

73
Q

what is another name for Charles the great?

A

Charlemagne

74
Q

What major Church history event happened in 1054?

A

Great Schism

75
Q

What branches of the church split in 1054?

A

Western and Eastern

76
Q

the bishop of Rome and the bishop of Constantinople ______ each other.

A

Excommunicated

77
Q

What is feudalism?

A

when power is based on land ownership

78
Q

Under the feudal system what group was the largest in Europe?

A

surfers or peasants

79
Q

What was the highest status of land ownership in the feudal system?

A

lords

80
Q

Why did feudalism effect the church?

A

it was embedded in it, bishops lived on lord land and the church owned land

81
Q

what is the definition of Laymen?

A

anyone who doesn’t hold church office

82
Q

what is the definition of simony?

A

the buying and selling of church offices

83
Q

who said that only church leaders can elect church offices?

A

Gregory the 7th

84
Q

Who clashed with Gregory (7)?

A

Henry (4)

85
Q

What did Gregory do to Henry 4th

A

excommunicate him

86
Q

What did Henry do to Gregory after Gregory let him back in?

A

chased him into exile where he died a year later

87
Q

What decision was reached about the Kings rights in lay investiture at the Concordat of Worms?

A

Kings can be present for church office elections and will recognize the candidate with their lay rights and duties but a rep. from the church will recognize the candidate with the spiritual rights.

88
Q

What power was Innocent the 3rd known for using?

A

Excommunication and/or interdict

89
Q

What is excommunication?

A

being cast out of communion with the church

90
Q

What are examples of the punishments of excommunication?

A

no sacraments, no access to church, no oaths, can’t be married

91
Q

What is interdict?

A

an entire country being excommunicated from the church.

92
Q

Why was the church committed to the crusades in the first place?

A

Because of its relationship to the state, it was pulled into the political war.

93
Q

Which group did christians attack through the crusades?

A

Muslims

94
Q

What is the purpose of monasticism?

A

to cast out distractions of the world and focus on God

95
Q

What two types of monasticism were there?

A

solitary and Communal

96
Q

What are the 3 vows of monasticism?

A

Poverty, Celibacy, and Obedience

97
Q

What do the 3 vows of monasticism communicate?

A

you are willing to give up the powers of the world. (ex. if you had kids you could gain wealth by marrying them off into the right family)

98
Q

Who created The Rule for monastic communities?

A

Benedict

99
Q

Why did secular communities center themselves around monasteries?

A

Monks were known for taking care of others and so if their community was attacked they could turn to the monks. Along with the fact that monasteries were often “off-limits” to attackers

100
Q

What was the monastic revival called that happened under The Rule?

A

Cluny

101
Q

What was the typical pattern of medieval monastic revivals?

A

Revival, success bc of revival, and then corruption because of success, restart

102
Q

Name a few orders of monks.

A

Benedictines, Cistercians, Franciscans, Dominicans

103
Q

Who are the Franciscans named after?

A

Francis of Assisi

104
Q

Why is Francis of Assisi known as an advocate or someone who stands out?

A

He “went on a crusade” to share the gospel, not fight in battle.

105
Q

What is the female order of the Franciscans?

A

The Poor Claires

106
Q

What experience changed Dominics view and pushed him to monasticism?

A

When he went to southern France to wash out a heresy centered on poverty. It revealed a mission to live “simply” and preach the true gospel

107
Q

What is another nickname for the Dominican order?

A

Black Friers

108
Q

What are Mendicant orders known for?

A

Being Beggars

109
Q

What do Dominicans value?

A

education

110
Q

Both Franciscans and Dominicans are associated with what order?

A

mendicant

111
Q

What key question derives from scholasticism and mysticism?

A

How can I best and fully know God?

112
Q

What is scholasticism’s answer to the question, “How can I best and fully know God?”

A

Faith seeking understanding

113
Q

Who said “Faith seeking understanding?”

A

Anselm

114
Q

What was scholastics strategy to understanding God?

A

Explore with reason what they already knew to be true about faith

115
Q

What are ontological arguments?

A

finding reason for faith beliefs

116
Q

What was Thomas Aquinas nickname?

A

Dumb Ox

117
Q

Thomas aquinas was a ______ monk

A

Dominican

118
Q

The search for truth belongs to both _____ and _____ according to Aquinas

A

Theology and philosophy

119
Q

_____ is limited to human reason whereas _____ is not limited bc it comes through God.

A

philosophy, theology

120
Q

All information necessary for _____ is revealed by ______

A

Salvation, God

121
Q

who argues that not everyone has time or the ability to think philosophically?

A

Thomas Aquinas

122
Q

What was a result of scholasticism?

A

more universities that taught the Yes and No method

123
Q

Scholasticism marries ______ and ______ but still favors ______

A

Faith and reason, faith

124
Q

How does Mysticism answer the question, “How can I best and fully know God?”

A

Through ecstatic, revelatory experiences

125
Q

what were mystics strategy to understanding God better?

A

hoping to apply experiences to what they already know to be true about faith

126
Q

because of Gods infinite transcendence, there is a _____ __ ______ surrounding him

A

cloud of unknowing

127
Q

What were mystics consumed by during these revelatory experiences?

A

Love

128
Q

What gender made up the mystic population?

A

Female

129
Q

Why did women lean towards mysticism?

A

it was a way they could experience God due to their lack of knowledge. the HS made room for them

130
Q

Name a Female Mystic

A

Margery Kempe, Catherine of Sienna, Julian of Norwich

131
Q

What are the dangers of mysticism?

A

It goes around Jesus, the HS, or scriptural guidelines

132
Q

What was the main issue in the Babylonian captivity of the papacy?

A

Bishops lived in France and never went to Rome. Their attention and resources were given to France

133
Q

What is Pluralism?

A

practice of one person holding more than one clerical office

134
Q

What is absenteeism?

A

practice of a person who held an office not being present in the region they held spiritual power in

135
Q

What divided Europe in 1377?

A

The great papal schism

136
Q

What movement was supposed to solve the great papal schism?

A

the conciliar movement

137
Q

What council solved the issue of having 3 popes?

A

Council of Constance

138
Q

Who was the declared pope after the council of constance?

A

Martin V

139
Q

What was a result of the Conciliar movement?

A

Wanted 1 declared pope, went in with 2 rival popes, ended with 3 rival popes

140
Q

after the council of constance, the church realized how much power ______ had.

A

Councils

141
Q

Martin V denounced everything the _________ did except for declaring him pope.

A

council of Constance

142
Q

What is sacerdotalism?

A

When a priest has too much power

143
Q

When the church was corrupted… Priests were seen as ______ to God.

A

Gatekeepers

144
Q

What things did Priests gatekeep from lay people?

A

Scripture, sacraments, forgiveness

145
Q

How did the church handle sin?

A

Penance, Meritorious works, Treasury of merit, indulgences

146
Q

What is penance?

A

Punishment imposed by church so God doesn’t have to punish you. Ex. Prayer, pilgrimage to the Holy Land

147
Q

Why is penance dangerous?

A

Church can make people of their dirty work and call it holy

148
Q

What are meritorious works?

A

Works of virtue that produce merit in the soul

149
Q

What is treasury of merit?

A

When priests dish out other peoples merit (Jesus, saints, pope) to those who dont have much (sinners)

150
Q

What are indulgences?

A

Church offers someone merit in exchange for a contribution (mainly monetary)

151
Q

The churches way of handling sin benefitted ______ not _______

A

the church, the people

152
Q

Name a would be reformer

A

John Wycliffe, John Hus

153
Q

What were corrupt practices that John Wycliffe addressed?

A

Revelation (scripture access), Authority, Ecclesiology, Lords Supper

154
Q

Wycliffe advocated for translating the Bible into ______

A

English

155
Q

What is the Magisterium?

A

ordained offices of the church

156
Q

Why didn’t the church want to translate the Bible to English?

A

They wanted to gatekeep the power

157
Q

Wycliffe argues that transubstantiation is ______

A

docetic

158
Q

John Hus says that lay people should receive _______

A

Both kinds of communion

159
Q

What element of communion were lay people given?

A

the body

160
Q

Hus says that you dont have to obey an _______ authority.

A

immoral

161
Q

Where was John Hus arrested?

A

Council of Constance

Church History (3 decks)

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