Reflection Questions 2

Question 1

What kind of factors do humans take into consideration beyond their own economic interests?

Answer 1

Consider the interests of people close to them
Sacrifice own economic interest to help those who are friendly and punish those who aren’t
Consider the welfare of strangers
Consider reputation and self image

Question 2

What are the main elements of the (rational] ethical decision making model?

Answer 2

Recognize moral issue
Make moral judgement
Establish moral intent
Engage in moral behavior

Question 3

What are key individual factors that affect decision making

Answer 3

Age and gender
Education and employment
Psychological factors
Personal values and integrity
Moral imagination

Question 4

What are key situational factors that affect decision making?

Answer 4

Issue related: moral intensity and moral framing
Context related: rewards, authority, bureaucracy, work roles, organizational culture, national context

Question 5

What is an ethical dilemma

Answer 5

A situation which is experienced as “uneasy”, where you have to choose between 2 or more actions and these options involve moral and ethical aspects
Not easily solved and sometimes no right answer

Question 6

What kind of biases do Banaji et al identify and how do they suggest to address them?

Answer 6

Implicit form of prejudice [make a list of only qualified names]
Bias that favors ones own group [judge example]
Tendency to over claim credit [ask to evaluate others before yourself]
Conflict of interest

Question 7

Describe a cognitive bias and use an example to illustrate it

Answer 7

Cognitive bias: making a judgement on something based on your beliefs or experience
Example: stereotyping: expecting a certain group or persons to have a certain quality without knowing them
Or confirmation bias: we tend to believe what confirms our perceptions

Question 8

How do you adapt AI strategies locally?

Answer 8

Develop contextual global AI ethics models that prioritizes collaboration with local teams and stakeholders and devolves decision making authority to local teams

Question 9

What are mission and value statements, purpose statements, code of ethics and whistle blowing mechanisms?

Answer 9

Mission statement: communicates purpose
Purpose statement: communicates why company exists
Codes of ethics: guiding set of principles intended to instruct professionals to act in a way that aligns with the organizations values and benefits all stakeholders
Whistleblowing mechanisms: policies that protect whistleblowers from unfair treatment as a result of whistleblowing
All mechanisms are to outline and facilitate ethical decision making