Referred pain Flashcards
Where does the aorta enter the diaphragm?
Where does it bifucates into the iliac arteries?
T12
L4 - forms 2 common iliac arteries
Is the coeliac artery, SMA, IMA paired or unpaired?
Unpaired
Are the adrenal arteries, renal and gonadal arteries paired or unpaired?
Paired
Which arteries are the adrenal glands supplied by?
ADRENAL GLANDS are supplied by
SUPERIOR, INFERIOR AND MIDDLE ADRENAL ARTERIES
Sup: from the INFERIOR PHRENIC ARTERY
Mid: ABDOMINAL ARTERY
Inf: RENAL ARTERY
Which veins drain the adrenal gland?
L & R adrenal veins. They drain the glands.
R: into the IVC
L: Left renal vein
Where do the renal arteries arise?
Paired arteries directly from the abd aorta (L1/2)
- immediately distal to SMA (L1)
As the aorta is left of the midline, the L artery is shorter than the right. R crosses the IVC posteriorly.
How do the renal vein relate?
Anterior to arteries
L = longer, anterior to aorta and L renal a
R = shorter
Both drain directly into IVC
Where do gondal arteries arise?
Features of that artery
Paired visceral arteries
Arise from L2
In men it’s the testicular (through inguinal gland) and n women it’s ovarian
What is an aortic aneurysm?
What does it cause?
It’s a dilation of an artery
abdominal artery is common site
Abdominal pulsations and abdo and back pain
it causes compression of nerve roots - pain/numbers in th lower limbs
What vessels join to form the IVC?
Where does it cross the dia?
2 common iliac veins at L5.
Leaves diaphragm at T8
what are some tributeries of the IVC. Look at the fashcard 4-19
Common Iliac veins Lumbar veins Renal veins Right testicular/ovarian a. L => L renal v. Right suprarenal vein Inferior phrenic vein Hepatic veins Portal venous system Spleen, pancreas, gallbladder, abdominal part of GI tract
Describe the functional separation of the lymph drainage
There is a superficial and a deep drainage.
Superficial - above umbilicus lymph goes up to the axillary node. BELOW the umbilicus goes to the superficial inguinal nodes
Deep - above the umbilicus goes t the parasternal nodes. BELOW - paraaortic and the external iliac nodes.
Where do the sympatetic nerves originate from?
T1 - L2
ACh in ganglion and NA at the effector organ
Short preganglionic and long post ganglionic
Motor to the vascular smooth muscle
Sensory aspects are pain and sensation
Where do the nerves from PSNS oringate from?
Craniosacral origin (CN 3,7,9,10, S2-4)
ACh at both
Long pregang and short post
Provide motor sensation to the muscles and secretomotor to the glands
Sensory aspects - functional and sensation (stretch)
What are 3 ways in which the SNS can travel up and down the column?
1) Ascend or descend along the paravertebral column and then synpase either above or below their level at the head or the spinal nerve.
2) Synapse at the entry level like the throacic viscera - at teh same level
3) Pass THROUGH the paracvertebral column, like the splanchnic nerves and synapse at the pre-vertebral ganglion like the coeliac plexus or SM plexus
