Female Perineum Flashcards
name some ogans that reside in the female pelvis
Ovary, uterine (fallopian) tubes Uterus and cervix Vagina Ureter, bladder, urethra Rectum Caecum, appendix, parts of sigmoid colon and ileum Vessels, nerves and lymphatics
where does the uterus lie?
between the bladder and the rectum
name the parts of the fallopian tubes, the uterus
Fallopian tube:
connects the ovaries to the uterine cavity
1) infundibulm - most lateral. Contains FIMBRAE (finger like extensions) - comes close to the ovaries to collect the ovum
2) Ampulla - widest part of the uterine tube - where fertilisation occurs
3) Isthmus
4) Uterine part - the part of the tube embedded in uterus itself
UTERUS: Fundus -> body of utrus -> lower body and cervix
what is the broad ligament
What part of the brod ligament passes through the ingunal canal?
a pertinoneal lig - two lasyers
covers anterior and posterior surfaces of the uterus. They come down together to form a sheet at the ateral margi of the uterus which connects the various structures // the lateral uterus and the ovary.
A thickineing that pases through the inguinal canal -> round ligament of uterus, follows same path as the vas deferens
Parts of teh uterus
The tissue layers of the uertus
The igaments involved with the uterus
Uterus = hollow organ with thick walls. fundus, body, lower segment, cervix
Endmeterium, myometrium, perimetirum
Broad ligament -> divided into MESOVARIUM -> part associated with ovary
MESOSALPINX -> Part associatd with fallopian tube
MESOMETRIUM -> part assoc with the uterus
Broad ligament passes over the ovarian vessels as suspensory ligament
** there is OVARIAN ligament too** and the Round ligament
name some other ligaments that form with the uterus and other parts of the pelvis
these achor the cervix into position in pelvis. They’re part of the PELVIC FASCIA, Not the Peritoneum
Pubocervical lig
Transverse cervical lig
Uterosacral lig
what is the cervix made of?
What is the vagina fornix?
what is the vaginal vault?
fibrimuscllar cylinder with interal os and external os
Internal os - the opening // the cavity of body of uterus and cavity of cervix
external os - opening // the cervical ana and cavity fo the vagina
Fornix = recess formed // the margin of cervix and vaginal wall = post, ant and 2x lateral fornices.
posterior fornix is close to the Recto-uterine pouch
Anterior fornix = close to vesico-uterine pouch
vault = interal end of vaginal canal
what iss the normal position of the uterus and cervix?
body is anteflexed on cervix.
and the cervix is anteflexed on the vagina
what are some palpable structures in female via DRE?
DRE Posterior vagina Posterior cervix body of uterus (when retroverted) Ischial tuberoscity, spine, sacrotuberous ligament (latrrally Pelvic surfaces of sacrum
what structures are palpable in females via DVE
Cervix Ischial spine Sacral promontary Uterine artery pulse - lateral fornix Ovary
Descrube the vasculature of the female pelvis
REMEMBER: Mj artery of the pelvis and perineum = Internal iliac artery from the rt or lt common iliac artery)
These then split into the ANTERIOR and the POSTERIOR divisions
ANT:
- Superior vesicle artery - has many branches that supply the bladder, ureters and (seminiferous ves and vas def in men)
- Uterine artery
- middle recta artery - supplie sthe rectum
- ^^ The above feed to the pelvic viscera**
- internal pudendal artery (exists greater sciatic foremen // the ischiococcygeous muscle and piriformis -> then enters the lesser sciatic foramen (perineum and recto-anal region
- inferior gluteal artery - runs through greater sciatic forament and supplies blood to gluteal region
-Obtrutator
(Sacral, gluteal and obturator supply the walls f the pelvis)
POST: 3 branches (I Love Sex)
- iliolumbar sacral
Superior gluteal artry
what is the uterine artery and ovarian artery?
major blood supply to th uterus and enlarges signifcantly during pragnancy
cntributes to ovary and vagina through anatoases with other art
Originates from abdominal aorta. travels in suspensory ligamnt of ovary
what is hystorectomy?
surgical rmoval of the uterus involves incision of body, fundus and cervix of uterus.
describe the venous drainage of the organs
uterus = uterine vein -> int iliac
ovry = ovarian vein -> left ovarian to left renal and right ovarian to IVC
vagina = vagina venous plexs -> hypogastric veins
fallopian = uterine kidney = renal bladder = vesical venous plexus
what happens to the cervix durin pragnancy?
there is establisment of effective barrier through retainin a suficient lenght of closed cervix within which the mucus plug prevents entry of microbes from lower gen tracts
