Peritoneal cavity 1 Flashcards
what are the boundaries of the abd cavity?
from the inferior thraoacc aperture to pelvic inlet
what are the two layers of peritonium?
pariteal and viceral
what is the purpsoe of the peritonium?
wraps around the alimentary canal closing most of the viscera off fro the abdomen wall.
the only connection to te abdomen wall is via the mesentery
what is the peritoneum made off?
single layer of the squamous epithelial called mesothelium. This is supported by the AREOLAR connective tissue.
VISCERAL - wraps around te viscera
PARIETAL is near the bad wall.
Ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm form which tissues?
Ectoderm - NS and skin, oral epithelial, distal anal epithelia
Mesoderm - muscles and bones; vascularture, heart, connective tissue, smooth muscles, kidney, spleen, urogenetial tract
Endoderm - Gut, epithelium, liver and panreas
what happens around week 4 in the development process?
The ectoderm and parietal mesoderm wrap around the endoderm and visceral mesoderm.
As they fold, the space between them becomes the coelomic cavity. -> LOOK AT THE SLIDE 12 OF THE SURG SOC GUT SLIDES.
The result is a tube inside a tube.
The inner tube is the gut tube, surrounded by visceral mesoderm.
The outer tube is body tube.
what are the arteries which supply the FG, MG and HG?
Celiac artery
Superior mesenteric artery
Infer mesenteric artery
what are the divisions of the GI tract?
FOREGUT - Distal 3rd of oesophagus to the 2nd half of the duodenum at the entrance of the bile duct (Major duodenal papilla).
Coeliac artery
Midgut – 2nd half of the duodenum to 2/3 along transverse colon.
Superior Mesenteric artery
Hindgut – Distal 1/3 of transverse colon to the rectum (pectinate line).
Inferior Mesenteric artery
deacribe the features of the foregut?
has a dorsal and ventral mesentry.
FORGUT is the the only gut which has he ventral mesentry.
describe the order of the viscera of the forgut?
V -> D
Anterior body wall -> Liver (ventral mesogastrum) -> stomach lesser curvature -> greater curveatre -> dorsal mesentry and the spleen -> post wall
what is the ventral mesentary and what does it get split into?
growth of th liver divides the ventral msentry into the lesser omentum and the falciform ligament
what forms the dorsal mesentry?
portion of the dorsal mesentery that attaches to the greater curvature of the stomach, is known as the dorsal mesogastrium. The part of the dorsal mesentery that suspends the colon is termed the mesocolon. The dorsal mesogastrium develops into the greater omentum.
Dorsal mesogastric makes what?
Gastrosplenic ligament
Splenorenal ligament
Ventral mesogastrium
Lesser omentum
Falciform Ligament
Coronary ligament
Right and left triangular liagment
why cant the organs not dangle?
Dorsal mesentery attaches organs to posterior wall.
Ventral mesentery attaches organs to anterior wall.
Organs which do not have a mesentry are just attachd to the body wall
what is a mesentry?
A mesentery is a fold in the peritoneum which allows communication of an intraperitoneal organ with the abdominal wall.
Nerves and vessels pass through the mesentery.
The entire gut has a dorsal mesentery
The foregut also has a ventral mesentery
which sections of the abd have a drosal mesentry?
All 3 sections (endo, meso, ect) have a dorsal mesentry
which part of the abdomen has a ventral mesentry>?
the forgut
the liver forms from within the ventral mesentry
spleen forms within the dorsal mesentry
what does the liver split the ventral foregut into?
falciorm ligament lesser omentum (hepatogastric + hepatoduodenal))
LOOK at the diagram for the lessr omentum
What does the dorsal mesentry split into?
The spleen splits the dorsal foregut mesentry into two Gastrosplenic ligament
Splenorenal ligament
what happens to the rotation of the foregut as the liver gets bigger?
as it gets bigger, the suprolateral aspect of the liver grows and fuses with the body wall (diaphragm) and obliterating the peritoneum
what is the omental bursa (pertoneal cavity)?
Space between the parietala dn the visceral peritonium.
this is a little pocket of the peritoneal cavity that is being formed is called the lesser sac (omental bursa)
where is the omental bursa
behind the stomach and liver
what is the rest of the peritoneal cavity?
becomes the greater sac
wat’s the only connection between the greater sac and lesser sac
omental foramen which is located under the lesser omentum
what is an omenta?
this is when the visceral peritinum doubles up around the organs and forms omenta
what is a mesetry?
this is when the vis peritenium folds up and attaches orgas and attaches to the abdomen wall.
what is a retroperitineal and an introperitnal organ?
introperitineal - fully covered by a layer of visceral peritineum. so they’re merely suspended in the cavity rather than inside.
Retroperitinium - liw behind the peritinium. and are actually in the cavity. only have part of their surface covered.
what is a lesser omenta?
lesser curvture ot the liver.
what are the ligaments of the liver?
falciform ligament do?attaches the liver to the anterior abd wall, to the rectus sheath.
there is a round ligament contained within the falciform ligament, whcih passes through the caudate and the left lobe.
coronary ligament. attaches to the diaphgram. there are triangular ligaments at either side of the liver.
what is the lesser omentum made of?
two ligament
hepatogastric and the hepatoduodenal
in the inferior end of the LO, three vessels run in as the portal triad.
what is the diff // primary and secondary retroperitoneal?
primary retro= organs which do not have a mesentry and are directly attached to the wall
secondary retro - they lose their mesentry and attach irectly to the wall
where are the retroperitoneal organs?
duodenum, ascending and descending colon move posteriorly.
Their mesentery fuses with the posterior abdominal wall. and they secondary retroperitoneal.
how can the greater sac be divided?
by the mesentery of the transverse colon into SUPRACOLIC and INFRACOLIC
INFRACOLIC can be furtehr divided into RIGHT AND LEFT INFRACOLIC
how are the supra and the infracolic compartments connected?
by the right and the left paracolic gutters.
from which the peritoneal fluid norally flows upward towards the diaphragm, inflammatory exudate however flows down towards the pelvis.
which mesentry does the liver develop in?
the ventral mesentry. as it grows it rotates clockwise to the right
which mesentry does th splee form in?
the foregut’s dorsal mesentry
as the spleen grows, it does so clockwise to the left
how does the dorsal mesentry split?
Spleen splits it into GASTROSPLEIC and SPLENORENAL LIGAMENTS.
How does the greater omentum form?
Along the gastrosplenic ligament, the dorsal mesentery folds to form a pocket, which droops over the stomach
The lesser sac/omental bursa extends into the greater omentum
where do the portal tirad run in relation to the lesser omentum?
near the inferior end of the lesser omen.
Explain
Intraperitoneal
Primary retroperitoneal
secodnary perotoneal
Intraperitoneal - organs that are covered in the mesentry and attach themslves to the body wall
primary - organs without the periotneal and attach directly to the wall i.e. kidneys, IVC an aorta
secondary - organs which lose their mesentary and attach directly to the wall. e.g. pancrease, duodeneum, asc and dec colon —-> their mesentry fuses with the posterior abdominal wall
what is meant by mesocolon?
The part of the dorsal mesentery that suspends the colon is termed the mesocolon. The dorsal mesogastrium develops into the greater omentum.
E.g. the transverse colon
how can the greater sac by divided into section?
by th TRANSVERSE MESOCOLON into two compartments:
- supracolic
- Infracolic
INFRACOLIC further divided into the RIGHT INFRACOLIC and LEFT IFRACOLIC by the dorsal mesentry of the small intestine. THESE ARE COMPARTMNTS
it goes horizontally
what connect the supra and infracolic comaprtments?
LEFT and RIGHT PARACOLIC GUTTERS
How does the flow along the paracolic gutters vary?
The peritoneal fluid normally flows uowards towards the diaphgram.
WHERE as the inflammatory exudate flow down towards the pelvis
