Referendums and initiatives

Question 1

Types of referendums

Answer 1

Mandatory vs optional
Binding vs Advisory

Question 2

Types of initiatives

Answer 2

• Agenda vs Full-scale
• Decision controlling vs Decision promoting
• Rejective vs Abrogative

Question 3

Agenda initiatives countries examples

Answer 3

Poland and Spain

Question 4

Full scale inititives countries examples

Answer 4

Switzerland and austria

Question 5

rejective initiatives country example

Answer 5

Switzerland

Question 6

abrogative initiative country example

Answer 6

Italy

Question 7

mandatory referendums around the world

Answer 7

57% of 197
countries

Question 8

Optional referendums around the world

Answer 8

66% of 197
countries

Question 9

percentage of countries that had a referendum since 1980

Answer 9

81% of 174
countries

Question 10

Direct vote proliferation: new regimes - countries examples

Answer 10

Lithuania, Slovakia, Hungary, Czechia,
Bulgaria, Romania

Question 11

number of referendums in switzerland 45-2010

Answer 11

416

Question 12

lowest vote turnout Italy

Answer 12

63.9%

Question 13

constitutional referendum example - country

Answer 13

Iceland

Question 14

territorial referendum exmaple - countries

Answer 14

ireland and cyprus

Question 15

what topics do initiatives tend to avoid?

Answer 15

constitutional, treaties, budget

Question 16

Binding v consultative referendums examples

Answer 16

Sweden (Driving, Nuclear Power, Eurozone); Norway and Finland (EU membership

Question 17

initiatives: Minimum Signatories

Answer 17

Italy, Lithuania, Hungary = 50.000 - 500.000
Slovakia = 100.000 - 350.000

Question 18

Threshold turnout - Initiatives or Referendums

Answer 18

50%
Italy, Poland, Portugal, Hungary

Question 19

referendums in Switzerland: are constitutional referendums compulsory or optional?

Answer 19

compulsory

Question 20

referendums in Switzerland: are legislative referendums compulsory or optional?

Answer 20

optional; 50,000 signatories within 100 days of legislat

Question 21

initiatives in switzerland - number of people needed to initiate

Answer 21

Launched by committee (7 – 29 persons)

Question 22

initiatives in switzerland signatories condition

Answer 22

100,000 signatories within 18 months; focus on one issue; no conflict with international law

Question 23

1980- mid 2000s initiatives adopted in swizerland

Answer 23

15 (6%)