Referendums and initiatives Flashcards
Types of referendums
Mandatory vs optional
Binding vs Advisory
Types of initiatives
- Agenda vs Full-scale
- Decision controlling vs Decision promoting
- Rejective vs Abrogative
Agenda initiatives countries examples
Poland and Spain
Full scale inititives countries examples
Switzerland and austria
rejective initiatives country example
Switzerland
abrogative initiative country example
Italy
mandatory referendums around the world
57% of 197
countries
Optional referendums around the world
66% of 197
countries
percentage of countries that had a referendum since 1980
81% of 174
countries
Direct vote proliferation: new regimes - countries examples
Lithuania, Slovakia, Hungary, Czechia,
Bulgaria, Romania
number of referendums in switzerland 45-2010
416
lowest vote turnout Italy
63.9%
constitutional referendum example - country
Iceland
territorial referendum exmaple - countries
ireland and cyprus
what topics do initiatives tend to avoid?
constitutional, treaties, budget
Binding v consultative referendums examples
Sweden (Driving, Nuclear Power, Eurozone); Norway and Finland (EU membership
initiatives: Minimum Signatories
Italy, Lithuania, Hungary = 50.000 - 500.000
Slovakia = 100.000 - 350.000
Threshold turnout - Initiatives or Referendums
50%
Italy, Poland, Portugal, Hungary
referendums in Switzerland: are constitutional referendums compulsory or optional?
compulsory
referendums in Switzerland: are legislative referendums compulsory or optional?
optional; 50,000 signatories within 100 days of legislat
initiatives in switzerland - number of people needed to initiate
Launched by committee (7 – 29 persons)
initiatives in switzerland signatories condition
100,000 signatories within 18 months; focus on one issue; no conflict with international law
1980- mid 2000s initiatives adopted in swizerland
15 (6%)
