electoral systems

Question 1

Majoritarian system

Answer 1

SMD, no intra-party choice, not designed for proportionality

Question 2

sub-types majoritarian

Answer 2

plurality system and majority system

Question 3

plurality system example

Answer 3

UK

Question 4

majority system example

Answer 4

France (Two round system and threshold of 12.5%)

Question 5

what is district magnitude?

Answer 5

number of seats in a district

Question 6

proportional system

Answer 6

more than one seat per district, designed for proportionality, may or not have intra-party choice

Question 7

sub-types proportional system

Answer 7

list systems and single transferable vote

Question 8

list systems characteristics (2)

Answer 8

party list and seats distributed according to list formula based on vote %

Question 9

list systems examples

Answer 9

Spain, Belgium and Finland

Question 10

Single transferable vote chracteristics

Answer 10

candidate rank list, Seats distributed according to formula based on vote %

Question 11

single transferable vote examples

Answer 11

rep of Ireland and Malta

Question 12

Types of List system

Answer 12

Closed, flexible and open
(vary in the extent to which voter has intra-party choice to
influence who gets elected within a party)

Question 13

proportional closed list example

Answer 13

Spain, Romania, Portugal

Question 14

proportional flexible list example

Answer 14

Belgium

Question 15

proportional open list example

Answer 15

Finland and Poland

Question 16

Panachange list examples

Answer 16

Switzerland and Luxembourg (distribute their votes between or among individual candidates from different party lists. Seats are allocated to parties based on party vote share, with the seats of a party going to the most-popular candidate(s) of that party)

Question 17

Mixed system

Answer 17

majoritarian and proportional system fill seats, local and regional

Question 18

Mixed system types

Answer 18

Mixed member proportional and mixed member majority

Question 19

Mixed member proportional system example

Answer 19

Germany (seats won reflect party vote % in proportional element)

Question 20

Mixed member majority system example

Answer 20

Hungary: SMP (53% of seats) & Closed List (47% of seats)
Italy: SMP (37% of seats) & Closed List (61% of seats) (eats won may not reflect party vote % in proportional e)

Question 21

PR list system in one national
district (150 seats)

Answer 21

Netherlands and Slovakia

Question 22

Netherlands threashold

Answer 22

0.67%

Question 23

Spain threashold

Answer 23

3%

Question 24

Sweden threashold

Answer 24

4%

Question 25

Czechia and Germany threashold

Answer 25

5%

Question 26

Slovakia threshold

Answer 26

5% (2016; 13% of votes for parties below thresho)

Question 27

Russia threshold

Answer 27

7%

Question 28

Turkey threshold

Answer 28

10% (T of turkey and T of TEN)

Question 29

France threashold second round

Answer 29

12.5%

Question 30

Gallagher’s Index of Disproportionality

Answer 30

measures an electoral system’s relative disproportionality between votes received and seats in a legislature

Question 31

Spain DM

Answer 31

Mean: 7 range: 1-37

Question 32

Portugal DM

Answer 32

mean: 10 range: 2-47

Question 33

Carey and Hix (2011) suggestion for DM

Answer 33

4-8

Question 34

Duvergers Law

Answer 34

Plurality electoral systems tend to produce two-party systems
while proportional electoral systems tend to produce multi-
party systems.

Question 35

PR electoral systems are more associated with?

Answer 35

Fragmented parliaments

Question 36

Majoritarian systems encourage what?

Answer 36

parties to seek median
voter positions (policy impact)

Question 37

Entities impacted by vote choice

Answer 37

Voters, society, politicians, parties and parliament

Question 38

Italy electoral system change

Answer 38

3 –> since 1993

Question 39

Bulgaria

Answer 39

3 –> since 1991

Question 40

Hungary

Answer 40

1 –> in 2012 (Fidesz-KDNP)