References - name first

Question 1

Reiss., 2018 (1)

Answer 1

Microscopic invertebrates are defined as ranging from 20um to 200um in length.

Question 2

Reiss., 2018 (2)

Answer 2

Protozoans are small, heterotrophic, unicellular eukaryotes.

Question 3

Giller et al., 1998 (1)

Answer 3

Ciliates feeding on bacteria and flagellates leads to high productivity.

Question 4

Giller et al., 1998 (2)

Answer 4

The total production by a protozoan population was similar to that of the amphipod Gammarus and greater than those of simuliids and fish.

Question 5

Robertson., 2000

Answer 5

Meiofauna are intermediate in size between the macrofauna and microfauna and include both temporary and permanent meiofauna.

Question 6

Robertson et al., 2000

Answer 6

In European streams, meiofauna make a large contribution to their diversity, contributing between 58 and 82% if the total species richness

Question 7

Montagna et al., 2002

Answer 7

Macroscopic invertebrates are typically larger than 500um in size

Question 8

Heino., 2005

Answer 8

Much of the biodiversity in lotic freshwater is accounted for by macrofauna

Question 9

Graca et al., 1994

Answer 9

G. pulex occupies upper reaches in a river system and A. aquaticus occupies the lower reaches (mostly).

Question 10

Carindale et al., 2012

Answer 10

Loss of biodiversity reduces the efficiency by which ecological communities capture biologically essential resources, produce biomass, decompose and recycle biologically essential nutrients.

Question 11

Yachi and Loreau., 1999

Answer 11

According to the insurance hypothesis, biodiversity insures ecosystems against declines in their functioning because many species provide greater guarantees that some will remain functioning even if others fail.

Question 12

Dudgeon et al., 2006

Answer 12

Freshwaters are experiencing declines in biodiversity that is far greater than those of terrestrial environments.

Question 13

Jenkins et al., 2012

Answer 13

Decomposition in winter was faster in 2011 than in 1978 due to recovery from acidification.

Question 14

Acreman and Ferguson., 2010

Answer 14

Under the EU water framework directive, the UK along with the rest of Europe is attempting to improve any waterbodies that are classed as moderate, poor or bad with the aim of achieving good ecological status.

Question 15

Palmer et al., 2005

Answer 15

A major objective of river restorations is to increase ecosystem goods and services.

Question 16

Corpuz et al., 2016

Answer 16

High biodiversity is usually an indication of excellent water quality and low biodiversity indicating low quality.

Question 17

Muniz., 1990

Answer 17

Decomposition of organic matter, attributable to microbes, has been found to be affected adversely at some locations by acidification