Reducing risk from Tectonic Hazards

Question 1

What is volcano monitoring?

Answer 1

Can happen with any tectonic hazards such as volcanoes.
Warnings and evacuations can take place
Hi-tech equipment (HIC’s) could use ‘remote sensing’, seismicity, ground deformation, geophysical measurements, gas and hydrology.

Question 2

What is volcano prediction?

Answer 2

based on scientific monitoring
increased earthquake activity beneath land like the Eyjafallajokull ice cap.
Allows scientists to make an accurate prediction.

Question 3

What is volcano protection?

Answer 3

Earthquake embankments or explosives to direct lava flows away. (Mount Everest)

Question 4

What is volcano planning?

Answer 4

Hazard maps have been produced
shows likely areas to be affected
Restricts certain land uses for evacuation before the eruption.

Question 5

What is Earthquake monitoring?

Answer 5

occur without warning
however there are some evidence of changed in water pressure + ground deformation + minor tremors

Question 6

What is Earthquake protection?

Answer 6

Construct buildings + bridges to resist the ground shaking and collapsing.
Concrete columns strengthened by steel frame that sways during Earth movements.
Tsunami walls.
Rubber shock absorbers in the foundation to absorb Earth tremors.

Question 7

What is Earthquake planning?

Answer 7

Maps show the effects of the earthquake
Identifying areas most at risk from damage.
hospitals, reservoirs and office blocks can practice for an earthquake - drills. Increases their chance of survival.