Reducing Crime and Deviance Flashcards
what are left wing policies on crime reduction
Left-wing views see the social structure of society as the main cause of crime focusing on issues
such as inequality, deprivation and social exclusion
• They take a long-term approach to crime which focuses on structural changes to tackle the social
causes of crime
what are the two different approaches to punishment
retribution: aims to make the offender pay or suffer for their actions
rehabilitation: aims to reintegrate the offender ack into society once the cause of the offendig has been addressed
what did braithwaite say about shaming and punishment
Disintegrative shaming: labelling the offender as ‘bad’
which is likely to result in more offending
Reintegrative shaming: focuses on the behaviour than
the offender such as ‘you did a bad thing but you aren’t
entirely bad’
what is restorative justice
Recognises the impact of offending
on the victim, the community and the
offender themselves RJ that foster dialogue between victim
and offender show a high rate of
victim satisfaction, offender
accountability and success in
reducing reoffending.
what did lea and young say about controlling crime
challenge flaws in current policing
argue a lack of confidence in the police whom they believe are
prejudice
• Stems from military policing (conflict policing) in communities
– this styles leads to less cooperation which spirals into further
conflict and military tactics
• Argue there needs to be minimal policing characterised by
trust and co-operation
• Over-policing of crimes such as minor drug offences are part of
the problem when domestic abuse is under policed
what did lea ad young say about multi agency working
more
coordinated approach between
these agencies including
communication regarding
individuals and families seen as ‘at
risk’ of offending and victimisation
would allow for early intervention
what did marshal say about restorative justice
majority of individuals
offered RJ did indicate they would like to
what did shapland say about restorative justice
Found majority of
victims chose to participate in face-to-face
meeting with the offender, and 85% of
victims were satisfied with the process.
There was a significant decrease in the
frequency of reoffending and cost savings
of up to £9 per £1 spent on RJ
what did gilroy say about restorative justice
views are simplistic, and
underestimating the deliberate racist strategies
which he argues underpin the policing of some
communities
what did murray say about restorative justice
said USA attempted pre-school
socialisation programmes; guaranteed jobs for
young people without skills and on the job
training policies in the 60’s and 70’s and it did
not produce long term results
what is situational crime prevention
specific measures to make crimes
harder to commit or making capture
more likely
what is environmental crime prevention
wider measures, relating to public
environment which can make any
deviant behaviour less likely
what is target hardening
increasing the
security around the target of crime such as
houses and cars
what did clarke say about right wing approaches to crime prevention
crime is a conscious choice and
the criminal opportunities available and
likelihood of consequences from being
caught are factors which affect criminality
• Right realist approaches to crime
prevention focuses on making crime more
difficult to commit and make capture more
likely
what did painter and farringdon say about environmental crime prevention
studied
Stoke-on-Trent and showed that crime
decreased by 43% in the experimental area
where street area was improved.
• Rather than displacing crime to less well-lit
areas they found ‘diffusion of benefit’ since
crime also decreased in the adjacent areas
what is retributive justice
requires the individual
to suffer in return and that the response to
the crime is proportional to the offence
what did wilson say about right wing views on punishment
certainty of capture is more of a
deterrent than potential harshness of the
sentence suggesting that is offenders do not
believe they will be caught then the penalty
becomes irrelevant
what are right wing views on punishment
Right wing politicians favours harsh and
punitive sentences pursuing retributive
justice
what did wilson and kelling say about police control
argue policing should involve
order maintenance
• Increasing foot patrols
• Targeting ‘would be offenders’
• Targeting crime hotspots
what is a right wing view on control
Control in the form of zero tolerance: aggressive policing
of minor and anti-social crime immediately to ‘clean up
the streets
what did zimring say about control
between 1990 and 2009 the homicide
rate in New York declined 82% when policy of ‘zero
tolerance’ was introduced
what is the troubled families program
The coalition government launched the Troubled Families Programme in 2011 aimed at
turning around the chaotic lives of thousands of families in the UK It focused on families with poor parenting, abuse, violence, drug use, anti-social behaviour
and crime have become generational patterns
what did clarke say about crime prevention
points
that the public, police and
politicians are largely in
favour of situational and
environmental crime
prevention measures
