Globalisation Sociologists Flashcards
Giddens, Duneier and Appelbaum
Defining Globalisation:
If human history were equivalent to a twenty four hour clock, not much would’ve happened in the first twenty three hours
More change has taken place in the last 30 seconds than the time before
Wiseman
Defining Globalisation:
The term globalisation needs careful consideration when being used in sociology as it can be misunderstood
Chochrane and Pain
Defining Globalisation:
The emergence of a global economic and cultural system which is incorporating the people of the world into a single global society
Evaluation:
Globalisation isn’t occurring everywhere at the same rate
Giddens defining globalisation
Defining Globalisation:
The intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities which allows local happenings to be shaped by events across the world
Evaluation:
Globalisation isn’t occurring everywhere at the same rate
Cohen and Kennedy
Defining Globalisation:
A series of transformations of the world including changes in the concept of space and time, interdependent economies and increasing cultural interaction
Evaluation:
Only relates to one feature of interconnectivity
McLuhan
Global Village:
The world is becoming a smaller, more globalised area
We now live in a ‘global village’
Castells global village
Global Village:
Makes it easier for people to maintain interests as there is greater access to information and opportunity to engage with political/social issues
Carter
Global Village:
Digital communication has allowed people to maintain relationships
Cybercity is a virtual world where millions of users can increase social capital and maintain communications
Boellstroff
Global Village:
Second Life was a virtual world where people dedicated their lives to the games and realistic activities provided (concerts and relationships)
These shape our identity
Feminist Globalisation:
Second Life suggests women can choose their own cyborg/avatar identities
Women may choose a more masculine avatar
Postmodern Globalisation:
Second Life shows how we can shift identities to be whoever we want to be
People can define themselves in postmodern world without limits of social structure, class, age, gender
Castell networked global society
Networked Global Society:
We are moving from an industrial age to a network age due to advances in technology and communication
These have become the basis of our society as they are where consumer culture are centred
This has increased the emergence of hierarchies as people who don’t have social media can’t provide anything to the digital world and are marginalised
Livingstone et al
Online Communities:
Research suggests an increased incidence in cyber bullying
Holmes
Online Communities:
Facebook etiquette shows the ‘norms’ of social media
People look for advice on this as there’s uncertainty about the degree of emotional closeness appropriate online
Woollaston
Online Communities:
Studied how interactions affect face-to-face meetings
During face-to-face meetings, participants suffered an increase in arousal compared to being shown a picture
This was linked to an increase in anxiety
Bargh et al
Online Communities:
People in online relationships can develop intense bonds due to anonymity provided by online interactions
When we chat online, our private and ‘hidden traits’ become more accessible
Boyle
Media Convergence:
Spread of digital communication has led to media convergence
Different forms of media can all be accessed on one device
Age and Digital Communication:
There’s a generational divide between the old and young
Ellison
Identity and Digital Communication:
Individuals can adopt multiple online identities and personalities
Online activities often leave visible traces which can be shared
Althusser (can be applied to)
Marxist Digital Communication:
Ideological state apparatus enforce capitalist ideology
Media and digital communication is an example of this
Cornford and Robbins
Marxist Digital Communication:
Globalisation has lead to the spread of of capitalist ideology by forcing individuals into consumer culture
Power and money now comes from the media and is used by the ruling class to shape the minds of the population
The use of subtle surveillance is used to control the masses
Bagdikian
Marxist Digital Communication:
Digital media reflects changes in non-digital media
Media new and old are owned by smaller numbers of media moguls who influence content with conservative values
Seabrook
Marxist Digital Communication:
Globalisation has resulted in cultural imperialism
Western societies contaminate the minds of other countries by enforcing western ideas
Garside
Marxist Digital Communication:
Adults spend 8h41m consuming digital media and only 8h21m sleeping
It’s a way of entertaining the masses to distract them from their exploitation
Mertens and D’haeners
Marxist Digital Communication:
Lower social class in Brussels linked with lower internet use
Working class focused internet on entertainment use rather than knowledge
Harraway
Feminist Digital Communication:
Women should be included in digital communication just as much as men
Women can create cyborg identities which allow them to rise above gender boundaries and create a new positive identity
Nakamura
Feminist Digital Communication:
Women from ethnic minorities have gained a mass usage in social media
They are able to discuss issues of racism and discrimination
#SayHerName movement allowed black women to open up about assault
