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GCSE RE > Redemption > Flashcards

Redemption Flashcards

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1
Q

How are Catholic churches useful for Catholics?

A
  • They can worship together (particularly at Mass)
  • Or they can pray alone
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2
Q

How does the design and decoration of Church help Christians?

A
  • Helps to aid and inspire worship
  • By encouraging Christians to reflect on God & on their faith
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3
Q

How do images help to aid & inspire worship?

A
  • E.g. Stations of the Cross
  • inspires Christians to reflect on Jesus’ sufferings
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4
Q

How do statues of saints help to aid & inspire worship?

A
  • Inspires Christians to follow their examples
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5
Q

How do side chapels help to aid & inspire worship?

A
  • Smaller areas where believers can pray in a quiet space
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6
Q

Why do churches built since 1965 place more emphasis on the position of the altar?

A
  • Is the focal point of the Mass
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7
Q

How were pre-1965 Catholic churches built?

A
  • facing east towards Jerusalem (city where Jesus died and rose)
  • in the shape of a cross
  • altar against east wall (however congregation didn’t feel involved as a result)
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8
Q

How are c.1965 Catholic Churches built?

A
  • ensured that all congregation can join in with mass
  • altar towards centre of church
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9
Q

What are the main features of a Catholic church?

A
  • Lectern
  • Altar
  • Crucifix
  • Tabernacle
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10
Q

What is the significance of the lectern?

A
  • OT readings remind Christians how God has guided people from beginning
  • NT readings tell Christians about Jesus’s life
  • In a prominent place so congregation can hear the word of God
  • Jesus -> Word made flesh -> Christ present in readings
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11
Q

What is the significance of the altar?

A
  • Place of sacrifice -> where the bread & wine is offered to God
  • Link to Christ’s sacrifice -> death -> bread & wine consecrated
  • Christ present on altar -> offered to Father on behalf of humanity
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12
Q

What is the significance of the tabernacle?

A
  • houses Real Presence of Christ -> Catholics like to pray in front of it
  • inspires peace -> reminder that Christ is still caring for us
  • host saved in tabernacle for those who are too ill to attend Mass
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13
Q

Why may some churches prefer to use an altar?

A
  • Place of sacrifice & thanskgiving
  • most important altar is the cross on which Jesus died -> link to consecrated bread & wine
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14
Q

Why may some churches prefer to use a table?

A
  • Re-enacts Last Supper -> Jesus told disciples to eat Body & drink Blood (‘given up for you’)
  • therefore Jesus was sharing his sacrifice w/ disciples -> table is a reminder of this belief
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15
Q

Why may some Catholics prefer to use a crucifix?

A
  • Reminder of Jesus’s sacrifice -> for humanity -> therefore Catholics use as a sign of their appreciation
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16
Q

Why may some Catholics prefer to use a cross (without Jesus’s figure)?

A
  • symbol of Christ’s victory over sin & death -> not on cross because he has risen
  • preferable to use than religious art depicting Jesus
  • emphasises resurrection & that Christians should be people of new life
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17
Q

Why may some Catholics prefer to use a ‘Risen Christ’?

A
  • reminder of what Catholics receive in communion
  • similar to the cross; emphasises importance of resurrection
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18
Q

What is the relationship between free will & sin?

A
  • People can sin because God gave humans free will
  • Catholic Church teaches original sin (all people are born bound to commit inbuilt sin)
  • Sin broke the relationship between God, humanity & the whole of creation
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19
Q

How did Jesus’ death restore the relationship between God, humanity & creation?

A
  • Jesus lived his life in total obedience to the will of God the Father
  • Therefore this helped to restore the relationship between God & humans that had been broken by sin
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20
Q

How did Jesus’ resurrection restore the relationship between God, humanity & creation?

A
  • Jesus showed total obedience -> stopped from going to hell
  • Therefore his resurrection destroyed the ultimate power of sin & death & restored harmony of creation, in order to help people to overcome this in order to be w/ God after death
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21
Q

How did Jesus’ ascension restore the relationship between God, humanity & creation?

A
  • 40 days after resurrected -> Jesus in heaven to take his place along God as Son of God
  • Helped to restore cosmic order -> by making creation as perfect as God intended it to be
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22
Q

What do the four steps signify?

A
  • That life no longer ends at death
  • Hope that like Jesus that will resurrect and be eternal w/ God
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23
Q

What are the four steps that Jesus took to redeem humanity, relationship between God & the whole of creation?

A
  • Death
  • Burial
  • Resurrection
  • Ascension
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24
Q

What is the significance of Jesus’ death & burial?

A
  • Death redeemed humanity (total obedience) -> continued to show love in suffering
  • Christians believe when Jesus was buried he joined everyone who died before him -> therefore God is with us even in death
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25
Q

Give a quote to show how Jesus’s resurrection is central to faith

A
  • “If Christ has not been raised, your faith is futile and you are still in your sins.” - 1 Corinthians 15:17
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26
Q

What is the significance of Jesus’ resurrection?

A
  • Made life after death possible -> by destroying power of sin & death
  • When resurrected those who died before Jesus rose to heaven w/ him
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27
Q

What is the Catholic significance of Jesus’ resurrection?

A
  • Appeared to followers in a locked room -> proof that he had risen from dead
  • For Catholics, resurrection accounts in Bible show the resurrection actually happened -> rather than myths in Genesis creation
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28
Q

What is the significance of Jesus’ ascension?

A
  • Jesus is w/ Father -> glory shared for eternity
  • before ascension Jesus promised to send his Spirit to all people
  • gives believers faith that they will also be raised up to heaven (Jesus’ rising up w/dead, relationship restored)
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29
Q

Why is salvation possible?

A
  • Jesus redeemed humanity through his death
30
Q

What does salvation mean for Christians?

A
  • Saved from sin & eternal separation from God
31
Q

What are the focuses of liturgy in Mass?

A
  • Redemption
  • Salvation
32
Q

What is the significance of salvation in the past?

A
  • Jesus’ death & resurrection essential to humanity’s salvation (defeated sin & death)
33
Q

What is the significance of salvation in the present?

A
  • Catholics believe redemption & salvation are ongoing processes -> sin and death still exist (original sin) however can be overcome because of resurrection
  • Holy Spirit therefore guides people to work towards salvation
34
Q

What is the significance of salvation in the future?

A
  • Salvation will be completed at the end of time
  • sin and death destroyed when Kingdom of God fully established
  • then all believers can share Christ’s glory & joy of heaven -> final victory of God’s grace
35
Q

What is the significance of redemption & salvation in the liturgy?

A
  • Catholic belief -> redemption ongoing -> because Christs offering to Father on cross is re-enacted in Mass
  • Holy Communion -> Catholics receive Body & Blood -> nourishment of Christ for grace & resist sin -> closer to salvation
  • Mass is a chance to experience heavenly banquet
36
Q

What is the heavenly banquet?

A
  • Celebration of complete salvation -> Everyone in heaven has a meal together -> therefore Mass inspires Christians to work towards salvation in everyday life
37
Q

What is the difference between redemption & salvation?

A
  • Redemption -> making up for everyone’s sins to bring humans back into relationship w/ God
  • Salvation -> freedom from sin which allows humans to be w/ God eternally
38
Q

Why is Jesus described as the example, restorer & victor?

A
  • Set an example to follow
  • Restored relationship between God and humanity
  • Victory over sin & death
39
Q

How does Mark 15 show Jesus as the example?

A
  • Went through w/ crucifixion (obedience) -> example
40
Q

How does Mark 15 show Jesus as the restorer?

A
  • After death the temple veil that separates holy part of Church tore in two -> death broken down barrier between God & humanity -> restorer
41
Q

How does Mark 15 show Jesus as the victor?

A
  • presence of God during suffering as a human to become share victory of sin & death -> victor
42
Q

How does John 20 reflect the resurrection, ascension and coming of the Holy Spirit?

A
  • Mary didn’t recognise Jesus after he appeared to her post-resurrection
  • Suggests he entered a new creation
  • Reflects idea that redemption changed creation making it more perfect
43
Q

How does Acts 1 reflect the resurrection, ascension and coming of the Holy Spirit?

A
  • After Jesus ascended to heaven, two angels told the disciples he would return in the future
  • Shows that Jesus will complete redemption when sin & death defeated at end of time
44
Q

How does Acts 2 reflect the resurrection, ascension and coming of the Holy Spirit?

A
  • On Pentecost (50 days after resurrection), apostles filled w/ power of the Holy Spirit
  • Shows that the HS gave apostles ability to teach about Jesus -> so people can accept redemption
45
Q

What is a metaphor?

A
  • A word or phrase that is applied to something else to suggest the two things are similar
46
Q

How does St Ireneaus use metaphors?

A
  • Metaphor of a tree to compare the event that created the need for salvation (Adam and Eve disobeying eating from tree of the knowledge of good & evil)
  • w/ the event that brought about this salvation (Jesus’ death) -> represented by a ‘tree’ of the cross in which Jesus obeyed God by dying on the tree that restored relationship & brought eternal life
47
Q

How does St Anselm use metaphors?

A
  • Compared Jesus’ death w/ idea of paying ransom to free a slave
  • Anselm said after Adam & Eve, humanity became slaves to sin
  • Only way to atone (make up) for this is by showing total obedience -> Jesus did the same -> equivalent to paying ‘ransom’
48
Q

What are the strengths of St Irenaeus’ thoughts on salvation?

A
  • Helps to show parallels between fall of Adam & Eve and Jesus’ death
48
Q

What are the weaknesses of St Irenaeus’ thoughts on salvation?

A
  • Not all Christians agree w/ Irenaeus’ interpretation of Adam & Eve
49
Q

What are the strengths of St Anselm’s thoughts on salvation?

A
  • Reflects idea that many Christians see themselves as slaves to Christ (now they are no longer slaves to sin)
50
Q

What are the weaknesses of St Anselm’s thoughts on salvation?

A
  • Not clear on who the ‘ransom’ is paid to
  • Some Christians think this implies there is someone greater than God
51
Q

What do Christians believe about conscience?

A
  • Voice of God in their heart and soul
  • Guides them to make the right choices
52
Q

Give a quote to help explain the meaning of conscience

A
  • “Conscience is the most secret core & sanctuary of a man… alone with God, Whose voice echoes in his depths… conscience reveals that law which is fulfilled by love of God & neighbour.”
  • Shows that the Church believes conscience is the voice of God, which prompts people to show love towards others & obey God’s law
53
Q

What are the two sides of conscience?

A
  • Natural instincts (natural law -> Catholics instinctively do good & avoid evil)
  • Conscience has to be ‘educated’ (Ability to do the right thing is only achieved with enough teaching from the Church)
54
Q

What does the Catholic Church teach about conscience?

A
  • people shouldn’t ignore what they believe God is telling them in their hearts
  • natural law means that all people instinctively know what the right thing to do is
  • listening to others can help a person to understand the effects of their actions in order to be confident in them using conscience correctly
55
Q

What is Mass in terms of redemption?

A
  • Mass is a re-enactment & celebration of Jesus’ death, through which humans are redeemed
  • Through the Mass, Catholics believe that they are brought closer to Christ, accept redemption, and are given the power & grace to resist the temptation to sin
56
Q

What are the most central points of the Mass?

A
  • Gospel reading
  • Eucharistic prayer
57
Q

What happens during the start of Mass & what does it mean?

A
  • Catholics apologise to God and each other for their sins
  • Strengthens relationship w/ God & each other, as they accept that God has forgiven & redeemed them
58
Q

What happens during the readings & what does it mean?

A
  • At least 2 readings are given from the Bible, w/ one always taken from the Gospels
  • Readings remind Catholics that God has guided his people
  • Through the Gospel, Jesus shows in his words & actions how God loves, heals, restores & forgives all people
59
Q

What happens during the start of the Eucharistic Prayer and what does it mean?

A
  • Priest repeats words that Jesus said at the Last Supper
  • Command to eat & drink enables Christians to share in Jesus’ offering made to God on the cross
60
Q

What happens at the end of the Eucharistic Prayer & what does it mean?

A
  • Jesus in now truly present in Bread & Wine -> ‘Do this in memory of me’ -> Eucharist reality and not past event
  • Offered up to God the Father -> renewal of new covenant that restores relationship between God & humanity at Jesus’s death
61
Q

What do Catholics believe about the ‘source’ in the “source and summit” of Christian life at Mass?

A
  • offering of Christ on the cross is highest form of prayer to God
62
Q

What do Catholics believe about the ‘summit’ in the “source and summit” of Christian life at Mass?

A
  • Body & Blood give life to soul, just as normal food gives life to human body
  • offering Sunday Mass is reflective of ‘keep holy the Sabbath day’, as it celebrates the day of resurrection
63
Q

What do Orthodox Christians believe about the Eucharist?

A
  • SImilar to Catholics (consecration)
  • however different -> mass has to be celebrated with others unlike one priest alone -> emphasis on ritual -> consecration behind iconostatis (screen that divides holy part of church from congregation because consecration is too holy to be seen)
64
Q

What do Anglican Christians believe about the Eucharist?

A
  • some similar to Catholics (consecration)
  • some not in belief of consecration
  • universal belief that Christ is present
65
Q

What do Quakers believe about the Eucharist?

A
  • No celebration of Eucharist
  • Belief that Christ present in Spirit, who inspires actions
  • No sacraments as belief that whole life is sacrament
66
Q

What is the Blessed Sacrament?

A

Christ is truly present in the consecrated Bread & Wine

67
Q

What are the words of institution?

A
  • words Jesus said at the Last Supper (e.g. “Take this, all of you, and eat of it, for this is my body, which will be given up for you)
  • bread & wine look the same but the reality of what they are changes -> e.g. ‘this is my body’ is said instead of ‘this symbolises my body’
  • by taking Christ’s Body & Blood, his followers are able to share in the redeeming effects of his death & resurrection
68
Q

What is Agnus Dei?

A
  • prayer said shortly before communion (e.g. “Lamb of God, you take away the sins of the world, have mercy on us…”
  • Last Supper -> passover meal celebrating Jews’ escape from Egypt (God ordered Jews to mark doors w/ blood to save themselves of Angel of Death)
  • Jesus is the new Lamb of God -> sacrifice of death -> Agnus Dei reminds Christians of this
69
Q

What is Eucharistic adoration?

A
  • belief of bread & wine shown in prayers & rituals used in Mass in the way the Blessed Sacrament is respected & honoured by Catholics
  • some Catholics receive Communion on tongue rather than hand to remind them they are receiving Jesus
  • Eucharistic Adoration shown in service of Benediction
70
Q

What is the service of Benediction?

A
  • service where consecrated Bread put on display in a monstrance (large holder)
  • Real Presence of Christ praised & congregation blessed w/ Real Presence

GCSE RE (6 decks)

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