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Gsce RE > Redemption > Flashcards

Redemption Flashcards

1
Q

Christians believe that on occasion humanity has gone against….?

A

God’s will and that has jeopardised that relationship.

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2
Q

God has tried to reconcile that relationship (get it back on track) by….?

A

…sending messengers to save humanity from its sins (salvation).

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3
Q

God’s Plan of Salvation

A
  1. God creates Perfect Eden
  2. Adam and Eve are created as good and immortal but with free will
  3. God and humans enjoy relationship
  4. Adam and Eve eat fruit due to having free will and this causes the first Original Sin.
  5. Relationship between God and humans broken
  6. Their punishment was death, pain in labour, difficulty in work
  7. God gives law to guide humans through Moses and the Ten Commandments
  8. Humans break God’s law and worship idols instead of God
  9. God sends prophets to guide humans
  10. Humans kill prophets
  11. God comes to Earthin the form of a man
  12. Jesus is killed
  13. Jesus rises from the dead
  14. Jesus ascends to heaven
  15. Through Jesus, all can go to heaven
  16. Relationship with God is restored
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4
Q

Definition of atonement?

A

Making amends for wrongdoing.

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5
Q

Christians believe Jesus redeemed humanity through four steps. They were:

A

his death, burial, resurrection and ascension.

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6
Q

Death (and burial)

A
  • Jesus showed total obedience to God the Father
  • He showed continual love even during his suffering (he forgave his executioners)
  • He showed that God is with people in death.
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7
Q

Resurrection

A
  • All four gospels tell that Jesus rose from the dead – believed to have actually happened – it is not a myth!
  • Life after death with God is now possible (Jesus promised his people will follow where he has gone). Sin and death can be overcome.
  • All who had died before Jesus rose to heaven with him
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8
Q

Quote for importance of the resurrection

A

If Christ has not been raised, your faith is futile [pointless] and you are in your sins
St Paul 1 Corinthians 15:17

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9
Q

Ascension

A
  • 40 days after the resurrection Jesus rose up to heaven, showing that he is with the Father.
  • Christians believe they will also be raised to heaven.
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10
Q

Through these four steps Jesus helped restore the…..?

A

‘cosmic order’ (cosmos = universe) – he made creation perfect again after it had been broken by Adam and Eve.

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11
Q

Meaning of Jesus the example

A

Jesus knew how much suffering his crucifixion would cause him (Garden of Gethsemane) yet went through with it.
This total obedience to the Father sets an example for all to follow.

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12
Q

Meaning of Jesus the restorer

A

Jesus is often called the ‘new Adam’ because he restored the
relationship between God and humanity.
At the moment of death the veil (curtain) in the Jerusalem Temple tore in two - showing that a new era had begun and there is no longer a barrier between God and humans.

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13
Q

Jesus the victor

A

Jesus defeated suffering, sin and death.

Because Jesus shared in the human condition, humans are now able to share in the divine condition - go to heaven.

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14
Q

Importance of Jesus’ resurrection

A

After his resurrection, Jesus first appeared to Mary Magdalene but she didn’t recognise him at first (she mistook him for the gardener) because there was something different about him.
This shows that Jesus had entered a new creation where things are different – he had made all of creation new and perfect.

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15
Q

What does Jesus say during the ascension?

A

Jesus asked his apostles to spread his teachings after he was gone to help people reach redemption (heaven). Jesus tells the apostles that he will send his Spirit in order to complete his work through them. He also tells them that he will return in the future to complete the redemption of the world at the end of time.

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16
Q

Quote from Jesus at ascension

A

‘Go make disciples of all nations…. and teach them to follow the commands I gave you’. (Mt 28:19)

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17
Q

Pentecost:

A

The coming of the Holy Spirit (50 days after the resurrection). At Pentecost the apostles were filled with the power of the Holy Spirit.
This transforms the disciples, giving them the courage and ability to go out and teach others about Jesus – helping them reach salvation.
Note: In the Old Testament, fire and wind symbolise the presence of God.

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18
Q

Catholics call the Mass the…?

A

‘source and summit’ of Christian life.

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19
Q

How is mass the source of Christian life?

A

Receiving the Eucharist gives spiritual strength (to resist sin)
Going to Mass fulfils the commandment to keep the Sabbath day holy.

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20
Q

How is mass the summit of Christian life?

A

The Mass is a re-enactment of Christ’s sacrifice (the most important event in Christianity) so is the highest form of prayer.

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21
Q

In the Eucharistic Prayer, the priest says….?

A

the exact words Jesus said at the Last Supper. The words are also called the words of institution.

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22
Q

Catholic beliefs about Holy Communion:

A
  • The bread and wine, by a miracle, become the actual Body and Blood of Christ. Christ is the Real Presence.
  • The moment this happens is called the Consecration – the most central part of the Mass.
  • The changing of substance (from bread to body) is called transubstantiation.
  • The prayer said by the priest at the Consecration is the ‘Eucharistic Prayer.’
  • In receiving Holy Communion believers become closer to God, more like Christ and receive the strength to resist sin (leading to salvation)
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23
Q

The ‘Lamb of God’

Agnus dei:

A

“Lamb of God, you take away the sins of the world, have mercy on us.
Lamb of God you take away the sins of the world, have mercy on us.
Lamb of God you take away the sins of the world, grant us
peace.”

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24
Q

Why call Jesus the ‘Lamb of God’?

A
  1. In ancient Judaism, it was common to offer sacrifices to God to atone for sins – flour, wine, a dove, a sheep.
    The ultimate offering to God was a lamb.
    Jesus was understood by early Christians as the one and only sacrifice needed to atone for sins.
  2. The Last Supper is a celebration of Passover (the time God ordered each Jewish households to eat a lamb and put its blood on their door so that nobody in the house was killed.
    The lamb was the sacrifice that saved the Jews.
    Saying the prayer reminds Christians that Jesus is the new Lamb of God – his death (blood) was the sacrifice that saved all people.
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25
Q

When is the Lamb of God said?

A

Just before communion.

26
Q

What is Eucharistic Adoration?

A

A short service in which the real presence of Christ is adored and praised. Also called Benediction.
• The consecrated Bread is put on display in a monstrance and lifted (congregation kneel to show respect)
• The incense symbolises prayers going to God
• Does not take place during Mass.

27
Q

For Catholics, what are th pe main two purposes of a church?

A
  1. To provide a space where they can meet to worship together. Altar should be central focus as most improtant service happens here.
  2. To provide a space for individual prayer. This means it should provide quiet, peacefuk space that inspires people to pray to God.
28
Q

How do churches help and inspire worship?

A

1.The care that has been put into design and decoration shows devotion to God and makes people feel that God is respected.
2, Images like the Stations of the Cross inspire Christians to reflect on Jesus’ sufferings.
3. Satues of saints encourage and inspire people to follow their example.
4. Side chapels are smaller areas where believers can pray in a quiet space.

29
Q

Before 1965, Catholic Churches usually built:

A
  • Facing east towards Jerusalem, as this is the city where Jesus died and rose again
  • In the shape of a cross, as a reminder of the cross on which Jesus died
  • With the altar against the east wall; before 65, the mass was said in Latin, who would usually speak very quietly, with his back towards the congregation. This meant that people attending Mass didn’t feel very involved in the service.
30
Q

After 1965, Catholic churches have been built:

A
  • To ensure that as many people as possible can see and join in with the Mass
  • With the altar more towards the centre of the church, and seats for the congregation some or all the way round the altar.
31
Q

Main features of a Catholic church:

A

Lectern
Crucifix
Altar
Tabernacle

32
Q

What is the lectern?

A

The reading stand, from where Bible readings given. At least 2 given from here every Mass. as Jesus is the Word of God made flesh, Christ truly present when the word of God is proclaimed. The lectern should be in a prominent place in the church, so people can see and clearly hear the word of God.

33
Q

What is the crucifix?

A

A model or image of a cross with Jesus crucified on it. It reminds Christians of the suffering that Jesus went through to save humanity. Inspires gratitude and love for all that Christ has sone for humanity, including the forgiveness of their sins. The gratitude which is inspired by the crucifix is clearly expressed in the Eucharist.

34
Q

What is the altar?

A

The place of sacrifice, where the bread and wine offered to God at Mass. During the consecration, this offering joins with Christ’s offering of himself to the Father through his death on the cross, and the Bread and Wine transubstantiate, Christ is truly present on the altar, offering himself to the Father on behalf on humanity. In return, the Father strengthens the lives and faith of believers when they receive the Body and Blood of Christ in Communion.

35
Q

What is the Tabernacle?

A

A box where the consecrated Bread is kept after the Mass. It houses the Real Presence of Christ, so many Catholics like to pray in front of it. It can inspire a deep sense of peace as it reminds Catholics that Christ is still caring for them. The consecrated Bread that is saved in the tabernacle can be taken to people who can’t get to Mass, such as those who are too ill to leave their homes, so they can still receive Holy Communion.

36
Q

Catholic beliefs about Free will and sin

A
  • God gave humans free will - he wants us to actively choose him
  • Therefore, sin has to exist
  • All people are born with a tendency to sin
  • Sin broke the relationship between God and humans, and between God and the whole of creation
  • Jesus’ ressurection helped restore our relationship with God
37
Q

What did Jesus’ death show?

A

Jesus showed total obedience to the Father

38
Q

What was the importance of Jesus’ resurrection?

A

• Jesus destroyed the power of sin and death
• Helped restore creation (make it perfect)
Made life after death possible

‘If Christ has not been raised, your faith is futile [useless] and you are still in your sins’ (1 Cor)

39
Q

What was the importance of Jesus’ ascension?

A
  • Jesus rose up to heaven

* He helped restore the ‘cosmic order’

40
Q

Meaning of Salvation

A

freedom from sin – heaven is available to us

41
Q

How is Salvation lart of the past, lresent and future?

A

• Past - Christ’s death and resurrection
• Present – it is ongoing – sin exists. We can
accept or reject God
• Future - Salvation will be completed at the end of time

42
Q

St Irenaeus’ ‘Tree of the Cross’

A
  • The Tree created the need for salvation …
  • … it caused the relationship with God to be broken (no heaven)
  • The cross brought salvation through Jesus’ death
  • This restored the relationship (heaven is now available)
43
Q

St Anselm’s analogy?

A

During the slave trade a slave could be freed if someone paid a ransom (money) to their owner….
• After Adam & Eve’s sin, all humans became slaves to sin
• Jesus paid a ransom for the sins of all humans with his life … he fixed the broken relationship

44
Q

The importance of conscience

A
  • Christians believe your conscience might stop you from doing something wrong (or make you feel guilt afterwards)
  • Or persuade you to do something good
45
Q

What is the conscience?

A

For Christians, the voice of God, guiding them to make the right choices

46
Q

Quote about conscience

A

‘The most secet core of a man…where he is alone with God’

47
Q

Parts of the four-legged stool?

A

The Magisterium
Tradition
Conscience
The Bible

48
Q

The two sides of conscience?

A

NATURAL INSTINCTS:
• People instinctively know the right thing to do (natural law)
• God guides us to make the right choices (to do good)
IT NEEDS TO BE EDUCATED:
• Needs to be shaped, developed so we interpret it correctly
• We can gain knowledge by listening to others, especially to Church teachings (Bible, Magisterium and tradition)

49
Q

Catholic Churches before 1965(list):

A
  • Face Jerusalem
  • In the shape of a cross
  • The altar was against the east wall
  • Mass was said in Latin
  • Mass was said with the priest’s back towards the congregation
50
Q

Catholic Churches after 1965 (list) :

A
  • The altar is closer to the people
  • OR at the centre of the church so all can see and join in with the Mass
  • There are seats around the altar
  • Mass is said in the local language (English)
51
Q

Catholics believe Christ is present at Mass in four ways:

A
  1. In the consecrated bread (host)
  2. In the word proclaimed in the Bible readings
  3. In the priest (working through him) – especially in the consecration
  4. In the worshippers, as the Body of Christ (the Church)
52
Q

Bible quote about group worship (e.g. at mass):

A

‘For where two or three are gathered in my name, I am there among them.’ (Matthew 18:20)

53
Q

What do the lectern, Crucifix, altar and tabernacle collectively do?

A

Stress the presence of Christ and redemption that Christ brought.

54
Q

What’s the difference between a table and the altar?

A

ALTAR:
Catholics use an altar rather than a table.
A reminder that Christ’s sacrifice is being made again through offering the bread and wine.

TABLE:
Some other Christian denominations have a communion table rather than an altar.
A reminder that the Mass is a re-enactment of the Last Supper.

55
Q

Who uses the Cross, Crucifix or the Risen Christ?

A

-Catholics use a crucifix rather than a cross.
-Many Christian
denominations used a plain cross instead.
-Other Christians use a risen Christ.

56
Q

What are the words of institution?

A

“Take this and eat of it, for this is my body, which will be given for you’
“Take this, all of you and drink from it for this is the chalice of my blood…the blood of the new and everlasting covenant’

57
Q

Beliefs about The words of institution?

A
  • The priest says the exact words Jesus said at the Last Supper
  • The Eucharistic Prayer
  • The bread and wine become the actual Body and Blood of Christ
  • Called the Consecration - the most central part of the Mass
  • The bread and wine has changed substance -transubstantiation
58
Q

Quote from the transubstantiation

A

‘Do this in memory of me’

59
Q

Why is The Agnus Dei (Lamb of God) said?

A
  • Prayer said just before Communion to remind Catholics:
  • Jesus is the new Lamb of God – his death (blood) was the sacrifice that destroyed sin and death – all people have been saved
  • Jesus becomes the one and only sacrifice necessary – for all humans
60
Q

Redemption in different parts of the Mass?

A

The Penitential Rite – we apologise to God and others for our sins – accept forgiveness and redemption
The Bible readings – a reminder that God has guided his people
The offertory – the bread and wine are brought to the altar as thanksgiving
The Eucharist (Communion) – we receive God’s grace (love) to give us strength to resist sin

61
Q

What is the monstrance?

A

Holder used to display the consecrated host during Benediction.

Gsce RE (11 decks)

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