Red Terror Flashcards
1917 - 1922
When was the Cheka founded?
7th December 1917
Who was the Cheka’s leader?
Felix Dzerzhinsky
What triggered the Red Terror?
Lenin’s assassination attempt by SR terrorist Fanya Kaplan on August 30, 1918.
What was Richard Pipes description of the Red Terror?
“The ‘Red Terror’ was not a reluctant response to the actions of others but a … measure designed to nip in the bud any thoughts of resistance to the dictatorship.”
When was the decree for the creation of concentration camps passed?
September 5th 1918
What was the concentration camps for?
for ‘class enemies’ and to execute ‘anyone involved in the White Guard organisations, conspiracies, and rebellions.’
How many people had been executed and arrested by the first half of 1919?
> 8,939 people had been executed
> 87,000 were arrested.
When was the Romanovs murdered?
17th July 1918
Why was the Romanovs murdered?
Fear that the royal family might be captured by the Whites and restored to the throne
How many people were executed without trial in the Red Terror?
140,000 (without trial)
How many concentration camps were established?
84 camps each holding up to 50,000 prisoners at any time.
How many people died in the White Terror?
1000s Jewish people were beaten and raped
100,000 were killed in Ukraine
What did Mayer say on the correlation between terror and threat of military defeat?
“…the bulk of the terror and the worst of it was closely correlated with the fighting between the reds and the Whites”
