Crisis of the New Regime Flashcards
1921 - 1927
What caused growing peasant opposition?
> Demobilisation: peasants now could rebel as they weren’t in war
> Loss of justifications for hard living conditions
How many conscripts were demobilised?
4.4 million
Hoe many major peasant uprisings were there?
50
What did Pipes say on the peasants understanding of the famine/hardship?
“The “masses,” who during the Civil War had been told by the regime that the Whites and their foreign backers bore responsibility for all their hardships refused to accept such explanations once the war had ended.”
How many peasants were in the Tambov Revolt?
50,000
How many Red Army soldiers were fighting the Tambov Revolt?
100,000
When was the Kronstadt Uprising?
28th February 1921: Manifesto released
Early March 1917: the uprising
What were the demands of the Kronstadt manifesto?
“Soviets without Communists”
What did the Kronstadt sailors agree with?
> Soviet democracy
A workers’ state
Rejection of capitalism
What did the Kronstadt sailors disagree with?
> Use of terror and repression
> Lack of individual freedom
What did the uprising aim to do?
- They hoped to trigger a series of mutinies throughout the military, as had happened in 1905 and February 1917 (a “Third Revolution”)
What was the end result of the Kronstadt Uprising?
50,000 Red Army troops overcome 17,000 defenders
although 1,000 Red army soldiers join the mutineers
Who were the Kronstadt sailors? (in the words of Trotsky)
“the pride and glory of the Russian Revolution” for their role in the October Bolshevik coup
What was the significance of the Kronstadt uprising?
Because it occurred in plain view of Petrograd, it also posed a visible challenge to Communist authority
What was the New Economic Policy (NEP) introduced in response to?
> Popular rural resistance (peasant uprisings)
> Popular urban resistance (strikes, Kronstadt)
> Internal party criticism (Workers’ Opposition)
