Red Meat Hygienic Dressing Ruminants Flashcards
When a decision has been made to slaughter an animal on welfare grounds- what are the three slaughter options available?
i. Transport animal live to the slaughterhouse & slaughter for human consumption
ii. Emergency slaughter on the farm & transport body to the slaughterhouse
iii. Slaughter and dispose of as fallen stock- animals over 485 days must be tested for BSE within 72 hours
What is required to be sent with an animal receiving emergency slaughter?
A Veterinary Declaration
When is Pithing allowed/ banned?
Banned in slaughterhouses where food is for human consumption (Decision 2000/418)
But is an effective slaughter method in animals not meant for human consumption
Why is pithing banned in animals intended for human consumption?
Involves inserting a wire through the hole made by a penetrative captive bolt gun and severing/ mashing up the brainstem- this causes neural emboli throughout the carcase and is a site of bacterial contamination
If a carcase has to be transported it needs to be…..
Refrigerated based on coliform growth temperatures
7 degrees for red meat
4 degrees for poultry
When should we shackle a cow for slaughter?
After stunning whilst they’re experiencing tonic rigidity- before clonic spasming!
How are cows generally bled for religious slaughter?
Severance of carotid arteries and jugular veins to drain 60% blood volume
What is the best way to bleed cows and why?
What stops slaughterhouses using this for all cows?
Best way (because its quickest- 5 seconds to blood loss)- incise in the jugular farrow at the base if the neck to sever the brachiocephalic trunk and anterior vena cava
BUT not the procedure for religious slaughter
How is contamination from the GIT on the carcass prevented?
Rectum is sealed (bunging)
Oesophagus is sealed using an elastrator ring (known as rodding)
Remove oesophagus and anal sac- maintain all 4 stomachs
How long after slaughter do you have to eviscerate the carcass?
[remove the GIT]
2 hours- law states that the translocation of gut bacteria takes 2 hours
What do we mean by splitting the carcass?
Use a saw to go slightly off centre from the spine (so it remains intact on one side)
What is SRM?
Specified Risk Material- animal products that have the highest threat to human life
Under what regulation is SRM regulated?
Regulation 999/2001- eradication of TSE’s
Regulation 731/2018- as above but newer
For a cow of any age- what are the SRM’s to be aware of? (3)
Tonsils
Intestines
Mesentry
For a cow specifically over 12 months old- what SRM should we be aware of?
Skull- including brain, eyes and spinal cord
A cow over 30 months has what Specified Risk Material? to be avoided?
Vertebral column including the dorsal root ganglia
What SRM do we need to be aware of Sheep and Goats?
Permanent incisor erupted
Spleen and ileum
Skull including the brain, eyes, tonsils and spinal cord
What is an FSA?
What do they do?
Food safety authority inspector- ensures meat is fit for human consumption by checking SRM removed, contaminated material removed & food quality is good
Who authorises the Health Mark stamp on carcasses?
OV’s
What are the main microorganism hazards to be aware of in beef slaughter from the animals? (3)
Campylobacter spp.
E.Coli
Salmonellae
What are the main microorganisms that humans can infect beef with during processing?
Listeria
Coccus Aureus
What is ZFT/ CCP?
Zero Faecal Tolerance/ Critical Control Point
All carcasses that made it past post mortem must pass this
Why is sheep skinning harder than cows?
Due to weight of the wool- also at a greater risk of contamination due to the dust in the wool
What is the preferred method of slaughter for deer and why?
Field slaughter using guns- transport to abattoirs has shown to be extremely stressful for them!
Can anyone begin farming Ratites?
No- need a dangerous wild animal license from the local authority
What is the preferred method of stunning and slaughter for Ratites?
Stunning via electrical- extended stunning decreases convulsion activity
Bleed via carotids and jugular or via the thoracic inlet (care- don’t damage the leather!)
What is the main cause of condemnation in Ratite carcasses?
Necrotic enteritis due to Clostridia
OR Airsacculitis due to respiratory disease
