Animal By-Products

Question 1

What might cause a product to be labelled as a by-product or not intended for human consumption? (4)

Answer 1

• Public or Animal health risk
• No nutritional value
• Not economic- needs further processing for human consumption
• Fit for human consumption but no market demand for it

Question 2

What is the usual dressing yield gained from the carcase of a beef cattle?

Answer 2

53% Liveweight
rest is by-product

Question 3

What is the usual dressing yield gained from the carcase of a pig after slaughter?

Answer 3

75% Liveweight

Question 4

Which EC Regulation is responsible for enforcing rules regarding Animal By-Products?

Answer 4

Regulation EC 1069/2008
AND Regulation EC 142/2011

Question 5

What are the designated categories for Animal By-Products and how are these disposed of?

Answer 5

Category 1- very high risk to public health- must be incinerated
Category 2- high risk to public health- stained black and used as fertiliser or fuel
Category 3- low risk to public health, made into petfood, cosmetics or for further processing

Question 6

Give an example of a Category 1 ABP?

Answer 6

Any SRM
Confirmed TSE carcasses

Question 7

Give an example of a Category 2 ABP?

Answer 7

Condemned Meat, Fallen stock
Meat that failed the antemortem inspection

Question 8

Give an example of a Category 3 ABP?

Answer 8

Parts of carcasses that failed the PMI

Question 9

How do we trace Category 1 ABP that has been incinerated?

Answer 9

Mark the ABP prior to incineration with Glyceroltriheptanoate (GTH) which is an artificial fat that can survive extreme heat so once the ABP has been incinerated the GTH can be used to trace it

Question 10

Do we mark Category 2 ABP with GTH?

Answer 10

Yes if being used as fertiliser

Question 11

In the EU, EC 142/2011 requires that if trading between member states, products must be stained with what colours prior to packaging?

Answer 11

Category 1- Black
Category 2- Yellow
Category 3- Green/Blue

Question 12

Can you bury fallen stock?

Answer 12

NO- against Animal By-Product Regulations of 2003
All carcasses over 28 months of age must be tested for TSE and then disposed of accordingly

Question 12

In the UK, what are the requirements regarding staining of ABP?

Answer 12

No specific colour requirements other than category 1 & 2 must be stained with a visible colour that remains visible even if chilled or frozen

Question 13

What’s the most popular method of processing ABP’s?

Answer 13

Pressure sterilisation- because its suitable for all ABP categories and then rendering (separation of fats and protein meals/cakes) because it gives a wide variety of useful derived products

Question 14

What are the two exceptions to Category 2 ABP material regarding disposal?

Answer 14

Digestive tract content- can be applied directly onto the land without staining as fertiliser
Some Category 2 material can be used as raw feed in zoo animals

Question 15

What are the rules regarding Raw Petfood ingredients and ABP’s?

Answer 15

Has to be category 3- slaughterhouse material that was fit for human consumption but was unwanted for commercial reasons e.g. aesthetic reasons, economic reasons (would need further processing to be made marketable)

Question 16

Blood intended for use as petfood is only derived from…

Answer 16

Pigs or poultry that passed antemortem
Ruminants which have passed antemortem and post mortem inspection

Question 17

What are the current UK regulations regarding Swill feeding to Pigs?

Answer 17

You CAN feed formulated commercial pig feed and fruit and vegetables that have never entered a kitchen
You CANNOT feed food scraps, catering waste, any meat or fish or dog/cat food