Red flag pathologies Flashcards
define DVT
a type of venous thrombosis involving the formation of a blood clot in a deep vein, most commonly in the legs or pelvis
name some risk factors for a DVT
age
major surgery
obesity
pregnancy
malignancy
hospitalisation in past 2 weeks
air travel
name some signs and symptoms of DVT
enlarged veins in the affected area
pain
redness
swelling
what are the signs and symptoms of cauda equina syndrome
loss of anal tone or sensation
faecal incontinence
constipation
loss of feeling around the anus and/or genital area
saddle anaesthesia
loss of bladder sensation
inability/difficulty urinating
urinary retention or incontinence
severe lower back pain with unilateral or bilateral weakness and/or loss of sensation in legs
define myelopathy
any neurological deficit related to the spinal cord
define CAD
an umbrella term used to cover a range of vascular pathologies which may lead to cervicocranial ischaemia
What are the 5D’s and 3N’s for CAD
dizziness
drop attacks
diplopia
dysarthria
dysphagia
nystagmus
nausea
numbness
Define rheumatoid arthritis
systemic autoimmune disease characterised by inflammatory arthritis with extra-articular involvement
signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis
insidious onset over a period of months
polyarthritis of small joints of hands
joint stiffness in the mornings
fatigue
deformity, pain, weakness and restricted mobility in affected joints
define RED-S
a syndrome in which disordered eating (or low energy availability) and decreased bone mineral density (osteoporosis and osteopenia) are present
signs and symptoms of RED-S
tenderness around the affected area
potential mild swelling around the affected area
dull pain along the bone which can increase with activity
signs and symptoms of cancer
night sweats
unexplained weight loss
constant night pain
non-mechanical pain
previous history of cancer
general fatigue or feeling unwell
unusual lumps/bumps/swelling
