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year 2 MSK > MSK key pathologies > Flashcards

MSK key pathologies Flashcards

1
Q

define tendinopathy

A

pain and dysfunction associated with a tendon

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2
Q

what are the 4 stages of a tendinopathy

A

altered tendon cell population
disorganisation of collagen
ground substance changes
neovascularisation

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3
Q

name some risk factors for tendinopathy

A

sedentary population over 60
athletic population over 40
changes in load/training
overload/underload
diabetes
genetic factors
increased BMI
previous injury
malaise

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4
Q

what is a strain

A

muscle or tendon injury - involves over contracting or lengthening a muscle causing tearing of collagen

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5
Q

what is a sprain

A

an injury to the band of collagen i.e a ligament, which connects 2 or more bones to a joint

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6
Q

what is a femoral acetabular impingement

A

a pathological mechanical process by which morphological abnormalities of the acetabulum and/or femur combined with vigorous hip motion can damage the soft tissue structures within the hip itself

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7
Q

what is osteoarthritis

A

a common disabling condition that causes joint pain and stiffness caused by the gradual erosion of cartilage

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8
Q

what is the most common MOI for a meniscal tear

A

twisting injury on a semi-flexed limb through a weight bearing knee

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9
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis

A

reduced ROM actively and passively
slight swelling over the joint
pain -> more on weight bearing activities
clicking/grinding

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10
Q

what are the signs and symptoms for meniscal tears

A

inability to fully extend or bend the knee
difficulty weight bearing
swelling
catching or locking of the knee joint
pain in the knee joint

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11
Q

what is patellofemoral pain syndrome

A

an umbrella term for pain arising from the patellofemoral joint itself, or adjacent soft tissue structures

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12
Q

what is shoulder instability

A

when the labrum and/or ligaments stretch or tear, the shoulder has a greater tendency to dislocate

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13
Q

what are the tell tale signs of shoulder instability

A

dislocation and subluxation

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14
Q

what is frozen shoulder

A

characterised by initially painful and later progressively restricted active and passive glenohumeral ROM with spontaneous complete or nearly complete recovery over a period of time

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15
Q

what are the three stages of a frozen shoulder

A

acute/freezing/painful stage
adhesive/frozen/stiffening phase
resolution/thawing phase

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16
Q

what is spinal stenosis

A

canal narrowing of either the central or foraminal canal

17
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of spinal stenosis

A

spinal pain
nerve symptoms
symptoms improve with flexion activities and worsen with extension

18
Q

what is ankylosing spondylitis

A

where changes to the SIJ or the spine can be seen on an x ray

19
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis

A

symptoms starting slowly
pain in the lower back
improves with movement
night time waking
early onset (under 40)

20
Q

scoliosis

A

s shaped curve in the spine

21
Q

what is spondylosis

A

generic umbrella term for osteoarthritic changes within the spine

22
Q

what is whiplash associated disorder

A

generic term for neck pain following sudden force (acceleration/deacceleration)

23
Q

what is peripheral nerve entrapment/irritation

A

an area in the peripheral nerves in which the nerve becomes irritated

24
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of peripheral nerve entrapment/irritation

A

pain and/or sensory symptoms at the interface and distal to the area the nerve supplies

25
Q

what is radiculopathy

A

a change in neurological function from nerve root compression/irritation or sensitivity

26
Q

what are some signs and symptoms of radiculopathy

A

motor loss in the relevant nerve root (myotome)
arm symptoms (cervical) or leg symptoms (thoracic)
reflex changes (reduced)
pain in dermatomal distribution
sensory symptoms in dermatome

27
Q

what is spondylolisthesis

A

anterior translation of the superior vertebra relative to the inferior vertebra

28
Q

what is carpal tunnel syndrome

A

carpal tunnel syndrome is a collection of signs and symptoms caused by compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel

29
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome

A

numbness and tingling mainly in the thumb and radial fingers
aching and pain in the anterior wrist and forearm
clumsiness in the hand

30
Q

what is iliotibial band syndrome

A

ITB results from repetitive friction of the iliotibial band sliding over the lateral femoral epicondyle

31
Q

what are the risk factors of iliotibial band syndrome

A

athlete
pre-existing iliotibial band tightness
high weekly mileage
time spent walking or running on a tract

32
Q

what do you do in the acute stage of ITB syndrome?

A

activity modification
Ice
NSAIDs

33
Q

what do you do in the sub-acute phase of ITB syndrome

A

stretching ITB

year 2 MSK (4 decks)

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