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Ocular Health Assessment 2 > Red Eyes > Flashcards

Red Eyes Flashcards

1
Q

‘Itis’

A

A disease indicating an inflammatory disease

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2
Q

State some sx a patient presenting with a red eye could have .

A 
Pain / Irritation 
Discomfort 
Itching 
Redness 
Bilateral 
Discharge ( may feed mag to view this )
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3
Q

How would you differentiate between scleral and conjunctival redness?

A

Conjunctiva is overlying the sclera and is very vascular
Hardly any in sclera
Conjunctiva is a loose layer of connective tissue - you could use your thumb to push lids , the overlying conjunctiva vessels will move around abit

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4
Q

State others ways to describe ‘ redness’?

A

Injection

Hyperaemia

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5
Q

Why do the vessels in the eye look red ?

A

Vessels are dilated

Increased permeability

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6
Q

What could inflammatory cells in the eye cause?

A

Leaking- proteins , inflammatory cells

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7
Q

What could you use to assess the redness of an anterior eye?

A

Grading scales - Effron

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8
Q

Define ‘ chemosis’

A

Severe oedema ( swelling ) of conjunctiva

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9
Q

What causes chemosis?

A

Vessels in eye leak rich proteins which get stuck in the conjunctiva
May also be associated with allergens

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10
Q

State the types of discharge.

A

Mucous
Purulent
Watery
Mucopurulent

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11
Q

Define the mucous discharge type

A

Aka mucoid , stringy

Associated with acute infection of mucous membrane

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12
Q

Name a eye condition which presents mucous type discharge

A

Vernal conjunctivitis

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13
Q

Define purulent type discharge

A

milky look and texture
Indicates presence of dying neutrophils and infective organisms as well as mucous
Often describes as pus

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14
Q

Define watery discharge

A

Clear fluid discharge , resembles epiphora

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15
Q

Define muco-purulent discharge

A

Combination of excess mucous and pus discharge

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16
Q

What is the name of conjunctivitis that can occur in neonates?

A

Ophthalmia neonatorum

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17
Q

State the different types of conjunctivitis

A

Bacterial
Viral
Allergic
Others

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18
Q

What is conjunctivitis ?

A

Inflammation of the conjunctiva

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19
Q

What would you see in a slit lamp on a patient presenting with bacterial conjunctivitis

A 
Red 
Vessels move in blinking 
Cornea is clear - unaffected 
Papillae - lumps under lids 
Purulent or muco purulent discharge
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20
Q

State some sx that can occur with viral conjunctivitis

A 
All ages 
Mono/bino
Burning sensation max of 1/52
VA may be slightly affected due to watery eyes 
Hx of systemic illness
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21
Q

What would you see in a slit lamp on a patient presenting with viral conjunctivitis

A

Short TBUT
Watery discharge
Follicles
Enlarged preaurticular nodes

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22
Q

State some sx of allergic conjunctivitis

A 
Acute onset ( hours / mins ) 
Mono/Bino*
Hx of allergy 
Itchy 
Fluctuating VA 
Seasonal
23
Q

What would you see in a slit lamp on a patient presenting with allergic conjunctivitis ?

A 
Chemosis 
Swollen lids 
Watery discharge 
Increase in mucous 
Papillae
24
Q

What is papillae ?

A 
Small round bumps 
Mainly upper lid - upper tarsal conjunctiva 
Associated with chronic inflammation 
Can be big 
Central blood vessel
25
Q

What are follicles ?

A

Round collections of lymphocytes
Both lids may be affected
Smaller , paler
Associated with acute inflammation

26
Q

What is the episclera?

A

Thin layer between sclera and conjunctiva

Less vascular that conj - more vascular that sclera

27
Q

What is episcleritis?

A 
Common condition affecting the episclera 
Mild pain / painless 
May be sectoral 
Photophobia 
Tearing 
No affect in VA 
Self limiting - no tx
28
Q

What is scleritis ?

A 
Sclera is swollen , red , tender , painful 
Deep boring pain 
All layers injected 
Tearing 
Photophobia 
Gradual onset 
Graduation reduction in VAn
29
Q

What is Keratitis .

A

Cornea is swollen due to ulceration
Pain
Reduced VA
Photophobia

**

30
Q

What is Acute angle closure of glaucoma ?

A 
Shallow anterior chamber 
Raised IOP
Circumlimbal injection 
Sever pain 
Fixed pupil - mid dilated 
Nausea
31
Q

What is anterior uveitis ?

A 
Affects the inside of the front of eye ( between cornea and iris ) and ciliary body 
Circumlimbal injection 
Photophobia 
Miotic pupil 
Mild VA reduction 
May be chronic 
Ache, pain
32
Q

What should you always ask a patient if they present with a red eye ?

A

Trauma

33
Q

State some questions to ask patients who present with a red eye ?

A

Do you wear CLs?
Do you have any allergies ?
Have you had any recent illness?
Have you had a family member with red eye ?

34
Q

What is the two types of eyelash demodex mites?

A

D folliculorum- affects eyelashes , feed on dead skin cells around lashes and lids
D brevis - likely to affect sebaceous glands

35
Q

What could be given/ prescribed to a patient suffering from bacterial conjunctivitis ?

A

Chloramphenicol (P)

36
Q

What could be given/ prescribed to a patient suffering from allergic conjunctivitis ?

A

Antihistamine drops - otrivine-antistin

Opticrom

37
Q

What is adenovirus ?

A

Highly contagious
Mild burning
Watery discharge

38
Q

What is important to remember if you suspect a patient has adenovirus ?

A

HYGIENE

hand washing , equipment hygiene

39
Q

How do you examine the preaurticular nodes?

A

Palpate the area in front of the ear against against the jaw
Record finding PAN +ve , PAN -ve

40
Q

What is the likely management for viral conjunctivitis ?

A

Self limiting

See GP if continues

41
Q

What is the likely management for bacterial conjunctivitis ?

A

Antimicrobial (IP,P,GP)

42
Q

What is the most likely management plan for allergic conjunctivitis ?

A

Avoid allergen

Antihistamine

43
Q

Briefly explain what bacterial conjunctivitis is ?

A

Causes by bacteria - spread through poor hygiene
Last about two weeks
Contagious

44
Q

What sx can a patient with bacterial conjunctivitis present with ?

A

Eyes stuck together in morning
Milk irritation 2-3 days
Sticky discharge
Normal VA

45
Q

What signs as an optometrist would indicate patient has bacterial conjunctivitis ?

A 
Mucopurulent , purulent discharge 
Cornea clear
Redness around fornices 
Papillae 
Vessels move on blink
46
Q

What tx plan is ideal for a patient who is suffering from bacterial conjunctivitis ?

A

Antibx eye drops - chloramphenicol

Antimicrobial - stop growth and kill microorganism

47
Q

Briefly explain what viral conjunctivitis is ?

A

Contagious
Last about two weeks
Causes by adenovirus
Follows cold or sore throat

48
Q

What sx would a pt suffering from viral conjunctivitis present with ?

A

Burning sensation 3-7 days
VA mildly affected
Watery discharge

49
Q

What is keratitis ?

A

Inflammation of the cornea

50
Q

State the types of keratitis

A

Infectious and non infectious

51
Q

Explain the sub categories in infectious keratitis

A

Bacterial
Fungal
Viral
Parasitic

52
Q

What increase the risk of keratitis ?

A

CL wear , swimming in them , improper disinfection
Dry eye
Eye lid disorders
Not wearin eye protection

53
Q

Explain the non infectious keratitis group

A

Injury
Eyelid disorders that prevent closure
Dry eye
Photokeratiis

54
Q

What sx are associated with keratitis ?

A 
Eye pain 
Eye redness 
Tearing / discharge 
Blurred vision 
Photophobia 
Irritation 
Feeling something in eye

Ocular Health Assessment 2 (4 decks)

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