Red eye and adnexal oncology

Question 1

What are the symptoms of angle closure glaucoma?

Answer 1

Severe sudden pain, vomiting, fixed, dilated pupil.

Mid-dilated pupil that is non-responsive to light.

Question 2

What is orbital cellulitis?

Answer 2

Acute spread of infection into the eye socket from the blood or sinuses. Inflammation of the eye tissues behind the orbital septum (anterior boundary of the orbit - before this - preseptal cellulitis which is inflammation of the skin around the eye and eyelid).

Question 3

What does ‘adnexal’ refer to?

Answer 3

The appendages of the eye - orbit, lacrimal drainage system and eyelids.

Question 4

Which adnexal tumour is the most common?

Answer 4

Eyelid tumours.

Question 5

Define blastoma.

Answer 5

Cancers derived form immature precursor cells or embryonic cells.

Question 6

What is the most common benign eyelid tumour?

Answer 6

Squamous cell papilloma - usually viral. Treated by excision or laser ablation.

Question 7

What is the most common malignant eyelid tumour?

Answer 7

Squamous cell carcinoma (90-95%).

Question 8

What is the main concern with a melanocytic naevus?

Answer 8

That it could be a sign of malignant melanoma.

Question 9

What are the signs of malignant transformation?

Answer 9

A - asymmetry
B - border (irregular)
C - colour (variegated)
D - diameter (>6mm)
E - evolving (growth)

Question 10

What is a capillary hemangioma?

Answer 10

One of the most common tumours of infancy in the capillaries of the upper eyelid. Most common benign orbital tumour.

Question 11

What is the most common cancer worldwide?

Answer 11

Basal cell carcinoma - pale skin and sun exposure. Pearly, irregular border.

Question 12

What is the most common orbital tumour?

Answer 12

Lymphoma