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Ophthalmology > Red Eye > Flashcards

Red Eye Flashcards

1
Q

Primary care red eye probloems

A
  • bilateral
  • asymptomatic/scratchy/itchy
  • bright red
  • normal VA
  • dryness or wateriness
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2
Q

Tertiary care red eye problems

A
  • unilateral
  • painful
  • deep red
  • decreased VA
  • photophobia
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3
Q

Examples of primary care red eye problems

A
  • blepharitis
  • conjunctivitis
  • foreign body
  • subconjunctival haemorrhage
  • pterygium/ pingeculum
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4
Q

Useful diagnostic feaures of viral conjunctivitis

A
  • preauricular nodes
  • history of URTI
  • becomes bilateral
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5
Q

Treatment of viral conjunctivitis

A
  • stay at home

- symptomatic treatment

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6
Q

Treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis

A
  • wash frequently with boiled water on a clean swab

- topical antibiotic (chloromycetin)

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7
Q

Treatment for gonococcal conjunctivitis

A
  • ceftriaxone 125mg IMI stat

- topical ciprofloxacin half hrly

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8
Q

How to diagnose chlamydial conjunctivitis

A
  • immunofluorescence of conjunctival swab
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9
Q

Treatment of chlamydial conjunctivitis

A
  • topical tetracycline ointment

- systemic tetracycline if STD symptoms

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10
Q

Signs of vernal conjunctivitis

A
  • Tranta’s dots (dark skin)

- tarsal papillae in pale skine

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11
Q

Treatment of acute itchy eye (allergic)

A
  • remove the cause

- topical or systemic antihistamine

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12
Q

Treatment of seasonal/perennial/atopic conjunctivitis

A
  • if mild, topical antihistamines, vasoconstrictors or lubricants
  • if chronic, prophylactic sodium chromoglycate QID
  • if severe, refer for steroid treatment
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13
Q

What causes a phlycten?

A
  • TB or staph hypersensitivity
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14
Q

Treatment of a phylcten

A
  • treat cause

- refer for eye management

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15
Q

Causes of pterygium and pingueculum

A
  • UV light exposure
  • living in a dry dusty environment
  • hereditary factors
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16
Q

Treatment of pterygium and pingueculum

A
  • artificial tears for scratchy burny lesions
  • vasoconstrictors
  • topical NSAIDS for inflamed lesions
  • steroids may be used by ophthalmologists
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17
Q

When is surgery used for a pterygium

A
  • if the pupil margin is invaded
18
Q

Complications of pyterygium surgery

A
  • scleral melt
  • severe pain
  • recurrence
19
Q

Treatment of arc eye

A
  • panado
  • cold compress
  • reassure that it should improve in 48hr
  • max 1 drop LA
20
Q

What is trichiasis

A

ingrown eyelash

21
Q

Characteristics of episcleritis

A
  • pricking pain
  • superficial redness
  • blanches with phenylephrine
22
Q

Treatment of episcleritis

A
  • none if mild

- topical or systemic NSAIDS if marked discomfort

23
Q

Treatment of Meibomian cyst/ chalazion

A
  • lid massage with hot compress
  • drain if large
  • doxycycline 100mg po dly for 3 months is recurrent/multiple
24
Q

Treatment of a stye

A
  • warm compress

- topical antibiotic ointment

25
Q

What is blepharitis?

A
  • inflammation of the eyelid
26
Q

Treatment of blepharitis

A
  • twice daily scrubs with baby shampoo
27
Q

Treatment of chronic blepharitis

A
  • doxycycline 100mg PO dly
28
Q

Examples of tertiary care red eye problems

A
  • keratitis
  • endophthalmitis
  • uveitis/ iritis
  • acute scleritis
  • acute glaucoma
29
Q

Types of keratitis

A
  • viral
  • bacterial
  • fungal
  • immune
30
Q

Treatment of primary herpes simplex

A
  • if no corneal staining, treat symptomatically

- if staining, refer for acyclovir

31
Q

Features of a dendritic ulcer

A
  • characteristic staining pattern (grey line without fluorescein)
  • reduced corneal sensation
32
Q

Treatment of a dendritic ulcer

A
  • refer for acyclovir ointment

- never prescribe steroids!

33
Q

Complications of herpes simplex

A
  • scarring and vascularisation

- geographic ulcer from steroid use

34
Q

Characteristics of bacterial keratitis

A
  • round grey infiltrate which may stain
  • bacterial ulcers can perforate, causing endophthalmitis and blindness
  • refer within 24hrs
35
Q

Characteristics of a fungal abscess

A
  • fluffy grey infiltrate and satellite lesions

- refer

36
Q

What causes mardinal keratitis

A

staphylococcal hypersensitivity (refer)

37
Q

What is endophthalmitis?

A

infection of the inside of the eye after surgery, injury or septicaemia
- causes rapid blindness

38
Q

What is hypopyon?

A

Leukocytic exudate in anterior chamber

39
Q

Possible signs of uveitis

A
  • keratic percipitates
  • hypopyon
  • ciliary flush
  • posterior synechiae and iris granuloma
40
Q

Characteristics of scleritis

A
  • beefy red injection not blaching with phenylephrine

- boring ache that keeps patient awake at night

Ophthalmology (10 decks)

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