Applied Anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
Characteristics of preseptal cellulitis
A
- caused by pimple of superficial infection
- expands outwards
- characterised by superficial swelling and redness
- not dangerous
2
Q
Characteristics of orbital cellulitis
A
- caused by fracture or sinus infections
- causes a compartment syndrome
- proptosis, decreased VA and decreased eye movement
- dangerous
3
Q
Layers of the cornea
A
- epithelium
- Bowman’s membrane
- stroma
- Descemet’s membrane
- endothelium
4
Q
Things that make up the uvea
A
- iris
- ciliary body
- choroid
5
Q
Layers of blood vessels in the eye
A
- conjunctiva (non-radial)
- episcleral plexus (radial)
- Tenon’s capsule (loose connective tissue)
- sclera
6
Q
What is chemosis?
A
Swelling of the conjunctiva
7
Q
Patterns of redness
A
- nodular (necrotising or non-necrotising)
- diffuse
8
Q
Flow of aqueous
A
- produced by the ciliary body
- flows through the pupil
- out through the trabecular meshwork in the angle of the anterior chamber
- through Schlemm’s canal into episcleral veins
9
Q
Signs of acute angle-closure glaucoma
A
- corneal haze
- mid-dilated pupil
- red eye
- positive eclipse sign
10
Q
Which artery supplies the retina?
A
The central retinal artery
11
Q
Which arteries supply the optic nerve?
A
The short posterior ciliary arteries
12
Q
Pathophysiology of ischaemic optic neuropathy
A
- short posterior ciliary arteries are occulded by generalised vascular disease (non-arteritic) or by inflammation (arteritic) as in GCA
13
Q
How does the retina stay attached to the wall of the eye?
A
Attaches to the retinal pigment epithelium
14
Q
3 types of retinal detachment
A
- Rhegmatogenous (retinal tear)
- tractional (PDR)
- exudative (Severe HPT)
15
Q
Physiology of retinal function
A
- photoreceptors convert light energy into electrical impulses
- passed to ganglion cells
- axons make up optic nerve
16
Q
5 major groups of history problems
A
- poor vision
- discomfort
- discharge
- change in appearance
- trauma
17
Q
Leading causes of blindness in SA
A
- cataract
- glaucoma
- diabetic retinopathy
