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Ophthalmology > Red Eye > Flashcards

Red Eye Flashcards

1
Q

causes of red eye

A

conjunctivitis, acute closed angle glaucoma, iritis, scleritis, episcleritis, trauma, keratitis, subconjunctival haemorrhage

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2
Q

presentation acute closed angle glaucoma

A

acute uniocular attacks with headache, nausea, painful red eye, blurred vision, haloes around light

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3
Q

normal intraocular pressure

A

15-20

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4
Q

signs acute closed angle glaucoma

A

oval non reactive pupil, loss of red reflex, hypermetropia

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5
Q

cause acute closed angle glaucoma

A

blocked flow of aqueous from anterior chamber via canal of Schlemm. intraocular pressure rises to >30mmHg

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6
Q

treatment acute closed angle glaucoma

A

pilocarpine 2-4% drops. acetazolamide stat. mannitol. topical steroids and antihypertensives. peripheral iridectomy

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7
Q

what is iritis

A

inflammation of anterior uvea- anterior uveitis (ciliary body is involved)

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8
Q

features iritis

A

pain- aching may be aggravated by reading, red, photophobia, watery, blurred vision

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9
Q

signs iritis

A

redness, inflammatory cells and flare- exudate detected by slit lamp examination, keratic precipitates, miosis, intraocular pressure can be low high or normal, fundus

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10
Q

causes iritis

A

herpes virus, trauma, fuchs heterochromic cyclitis, arthritides, ankylosing spondylitis, reiters syndrome, psoriatic arthritis, IBD, juvenile chronic arthritis, sarcoidosis, behcets, syphilis

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11
Q

investigations iritis

A

ESR, FBC, ACE level, HLA typing

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12
Q

treatment iritis

A

topical steroids- prednisolone drops, betamethasone, dexamethasone. cyclopentolate (dilates eye), intravitreal and biological agents

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13
Q

what test is +ve in iritis

A

talbots test

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14
Q

complications iritis

A

cataract, glaucoma, macular oedema

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15
Q

bacterial conjunctivitis signs

A

red eye with purulent discharge

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16
Q

viral conjunctivitis signs

A

red eyes with watery discharge

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17
Q

commonest virus in conjunctivitis

A

adenovirus

18
Q

bacterial causes conjunctivitis

A

staph aureus, staph epidermidis, strep pneum, H influena, chlamydia trachomatis

19
Q

is the acuity affected in conjunctivitis

A

no

20
Q

what happens to the pupil in conjunctivitis, ant uveitis/iritis, acute glaucoma

A

normal, small, large

21
Q

treatment conjunctivitis

A

chloramphenicol drops or fusidic acid

22
Q

do you get papillae or follicles in bacterial conjunctivitis

A

papillae in bacterial, follicles in viral and chlamydial

23
Q

features of allergic conjunctivitis

A

rapid onset. itch, lid swelling, conjunctival oedema

24
Q

what can allergic conjunctivitis be due to

A

pollen or other allergens. settles after a few hours

25
Q

treatment allergic conjunctivitis

A

antihistamine drops eg emastidine

26
Q

what happens to acuity in anterior uveitis and acute closed angle

A

reduced

27
Q

what are episcleritis and scleritis

A

inflammation of the opaque ocular outer wall- white of the eye

28
Q

features episcleritis and scleritis

A

aching and redness, which are more severe in scleritis

29
Q

in epi or scleritis can the sclera look blue

A

in episcleritis- engorged vessels that can be moved over the area. scleritis- engorged vessels run deeper

30
Q

presentation episcleritis

A

eye aches dully and tender. acuity ok. no discharge.

31
Q

what can episcleritis be associated with

A

rarely- systemic disease- rheumatic fever, PAN, SLE

32
Q

treatment episcleritis

A

self limiting. topical or systemic NSAIDs

33
Q

which is a more serious condition- scleritis or episcleritis

A

scleritis

34
Q

presentation scleritis

A

severe pain, common to be associated with systemic disease, visual disturbance not uncommon

35
Q

what is scleritis

A

vasculitis of the sclera

36
Q

what can happen to sclera in scleritis

A

thinning also corneal thinning and perforation can occur

37
Q

underlying systemic disorders in scleritis

A

connective tissue disorders, RA, SLE, herpes zoster ophthalmicus

38
Q

treatment scleritis

A

topical and systemic steroids, NSAIDs, immunosuppressants

39
Q

what is keratitis

A

corneal inflammation- white area on the cornea

40
Q

compications keratitis

A

scarring and vascularisation- corneal opacification and astigmatism- visual loss

Ophthalmology (6 decks)

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