Red cell/White cell disorders, Leukemia/Lymphoma (Peds) Flashcards
The physiologic nadir for hemoglobin in infants occurs at approximately?
2 months of age
What effect does anemia have on the hemoglobin-oxygen-dissociation curve?
This causes the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen to become reduced in?
1) Concentration of 2,3-DPG increases within the RBC leading to the curve to shift to the right
2) Tissues needing to be oxygenated
At what rate of development for anemia does the body better compensate it?
What rate usually results in more dramatic symptoms?
1) Slowly developing anemia
2) Rapidly developing anemia
What does the MCV (mean corpuscular volume) tell you?
The mean volume of individual RBCs in a sample
What does the MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) tell you?
Grams of HGB per 100 mL of RBCs
What does the RDW (Red blood cell distribution width) tell you?
Variability of RBC sizes in a sample
What does an H/H (hemoglobin/hematocrit) lab test tell you?
1) The amount of hemoglobin in the blood
2) The volume percentage of red blood cells in blood
What tells you if the RBCs are microcytic, normocytic, or macrocytic?
What tells you if the RBCs are hypochromic, normochromic, or hyperchromic?
1) MCV
2) MCHC
What are general causes of anemia?
1) Decreased RBC production (in bone marrow)
2) Increased RBC destruction
Hemoglobinuria, hemoglobinemia, and hemosiderinuria are due to what type of hemolysis?
Intravascular
Splenomegaly and hepatomegaly are due to what type of hemolysis?
Extravascular
Chronic blood loss will lead to what type of anemia?
Microcytic hypochromic anemia
A low number of reticulocytes in a patient with anemia is indicative of?
Inadequate bone marrow response
What is a normal bone marrow response to anemia?
Increased number of reticulocytes
What is a congenital pure red blood cell aplasia that almost always presents in infancy?
Diamond-Blackfan anemia
What does Diamond-Blackfan anemia result in?
Macrocytic anemia with low reticulocyte count
The most common inherited form of aplastic anemia is?
Fanconi anemia
What can fanconi anemia progress to?
We may not see symptoms until?
1) Pancytopenia
2) Around 10 years-old
Microcytic, hypochromic anemia in infants and toddlers is most often due to?
This is most likely caused by?
1) Iron deficiency
2) Dietary lack of iron
How could a peds patient present with iron deficiency anemia?
Pale and diet mostly made up of cow’s milk
Mentzer index is most helpful in distinguishing mild IDA from?
Beta thalassemia trait
If the Mentzer index is less than 13 it means?
If it’s greater than 13?
1) IDA
2) Beta thalassemia trait
How is absolute neutrophil count calculated?
ANC = ((%neutrophils + %bands) X (WBC)) / 100