Cancer Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention: Management and prevention part

Question 1

What cancers are local therapy candidates that can be completely excised out?

Answer 1

1) Sarcomas
2) Non-melanoma skin cancer
3) In situ carcinomas

Question 2

What is adjuvant therapy for cancers?

Answer 2

Surgical removal of the cancer followed by chemo and/or radiation therapy

Question 3

What is neoadjuvant therapy for cancers?

Answer 3

Chemo and/or radiation therapy followed by surgical removal and then more chemo and/or radiation therapy

Question 4

When is surgery not indicated for cancer treatment?

Answer 4

1) Metastatic cancer

2) Leukemia/lymphoma

Question 5

A linear accelerator delivering direct radiation to affected sites is the mechanism of what radiation therapy?

Answer 5

External Beam radiation

Question 6

When is IMRT (intensity modulated radiotherapy) used?

Answer 6

When you want the radiation on the tumor and to avoid surrounding area

Question 7

What radiation therapy is a very localized high-dose therapy delivered continuously for a prolonged time through implanted devices?

Answer 7

Brachytherapy

Question 8

What radiation therapy is used to treat thyroid cancers?

Answer 8

Systemic iodide radionuclides

Question 9

Why is palliative radiation therapy used in spinal metastasis?

Used for ENT carcinoma?

Used for tumors in Pelvic sidewall?

Answer 9

1) Prevent cord compression
2) Prevent suffocation
3) Prevent pain

Question 10

What antigen is attacked for B cell Lymphomas?

What is the recombinant antibody used for tx?

Answer 10

1) CD20

2) Rituximab

Question 11

What do you use if PD-1 or CTLA on tumor cells diminish the patients tumor immunity?

Answer 11

Immune checkpoint inhibitors

Question 12

What type of therapy uses T cells that are manipulated ex vivo to express a binding domain for a tumor-associated antigen with a transmembrane domain and an intracellular signaling domain that intensifies the immune attack against tumor cells?

Answer 12

CAR-T therapy

Question 13

When is stem cell transplantation from the bone marrow indicated?

Answer 13

1) Hematopoietic neoplasms

2) Advanced solid tumors needing high dose cytotoxic chemotherapy

Question 14

What type of stem cell transplantation is from someone else?

From an identical twin?

From oneself?

Answer 14

1) Allogenic
2) Syngeneic
3) Autologous

Question 15

What type of cancer often uses autologous stem cell transplantation?

Answer 15

Myeloma

Question 16

Why is CA-125 ultimately not effective for screening malignant ovarian tumors?

Answer 16

It’s not specific for ovarian cancer and by the time CA-125 is positive, many tumors were beyond cure

Question 17

In high risk individuals what are some ways to prevent ovarian cancer?

Answer 17

1) Bilateral ovaries and fallopian tubes removed

2) Distal fallopian tubes removed (opportunistic salpingectomy)

Question 18

What is the problem with serum prostate-specific antigen testing for prostate cancer?

What is the problem with digital rectal exams for prostate cancer?

Answer 18

1) It tests for many benign and inflammatory conditions as well
2) Identifies tumors after they are advanced

Question 19

What is the gold standard for cervical cancer screening and prevention?

Why is it so effective?

Answer 19

1) Pap smear

2) It can ID precancerous lesions

Question 20

What are some patient education tips for a breast self-exam?

Answer 20

1) Check the axilla
2) Look for skin changes
3) Avoid checking prior/during menstrual cycles

Question 21

In individuals that are BRCA positive, what are some preventative measure?

Answer 21

1) Double mastectomy
2) Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
3) Hormone therapy

Question 22

Why is a colonoscopy the best tool for colon carcinoma prevention?

Answer 22

1) Ability to check patients for precancerous polyps

2) Ability to remove those polyps before they invade

Question 23

With lung carcinoma prevention, a low-dose annual CT is recommended for?

Answer 23

1) Current smokers
2) 30-pack-year history of smoking
3) Those who only quit smoking in the past 15 years

Question 24

What is the screening tool for endometrial cancers?

Answer 24

Self-reporting vaginal bleeding for postmenopausal women

Question 25

What is the main prevention tool for cervical cancers?

Answer 25

HPV vaccine