Red cell Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the process of a red cell being created?

A

Haemotocytoblast (stem cell)

  • -> Proerythroblast (committed cell)
  • -> ribosome synthesis: Erythroblast (early/late)
  • ->Normoblast
  • -> Reticulocyte (released into blood)
  • -> Erythrocyte
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2
Q

What substances are used to make RBCs?

A

Metals:
Vitamins
Amino acids
Hormones

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3
Q

What metals are required for RBCs?

A

IRON

Also copper, cobalt &manganese

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4
Q

What vitamins are required to make RBCs?

A

B12 & FOLIC ACID

Also thiamine, B6, C & E

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5
Q

What hormones are essential to RBC development?

A

ERYTHROPOIETIN

Also Gm-CSF, Androgens, thyroxine

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6
Q

What cell breaks down RBCs?

A

Macrophages in the reticuloendothelial system tissues i.e. spleen, liver, lymph nodes etc

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7
Q

What becomes of haemoglobin after a RBC is broken down?

A

Globin –> Amino acids (recycled)

Haem –> Iron (recycled) & Bilirubin (excreted)

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8
Q

How does iron enter from the gut?

A

Bound to enterocytes (most ends up in your shit) and transported to the plasma by ferroportin protein

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9
Q

What happens to Fe once it enters circulation?

A

Transported around by transferrin

Then it’s stored in tissues as ferritin

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10
Q

What does Hepcidin do?

A

Blocks ferroportin –> decreased iron absorption

It’s produced by hepatocytes in response to inflammation

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11
Q

What factors can lower haemoglobin affinity for O2?

A
Bohr effect
Acidosis- high H+
Hyperythermia
Higher DPG
Hypercapnia- high C02
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12
Q

What makes up a normal adult haemoglobin (HbA)?

A

1 Haem Molecule
2 Alpha globin chains
2 Beta globin chains

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13
Q

what are the phases of RBC development

A
  • Stem cell
  • Committed cell
  • Development pathway :
    phase 1: ribosome synthesis
    phase 2: haemoglobin accumulation
    phase 3: ejection of nucleus
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14
Q

What does a shift to the right in oxyhemoglobin graph indicate?

A

Increased dissociation

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15
Q

What does a shift to the left in oxyhemoglobin graph indicate?

A

Decreased dissociation

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16
Q

What does glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase do?

A

Protects red cell proteins (Haemoglobin) from oxidative damage
–Produces NADPH - Vital for reduction of glutathione
–Reduced glutathione scavenges and detoxifies reactive oxygen species