Intro to Haem Flashcards
What are the broad steps of Haemotopoiesis?
Pluripotent Haematopoietic stem cells
1) –> Uncommitted Stem Cells –> Myeloid Cells
2) –> Lymphocyte Stem Cells –> Lymphocytes
What are the myeloid cells?
- Erythrocytes
- Platelets
- Neutrophils
- Monocytes
- Basophils
- Eosinophils
Basically everything bar lymphocytes & NK cells
What are the lymphoid cells?
Lymphocytes (T & B Cells)
Nk cells
What hormone drives RBC production? where is it made?
Erythropoietin from kidneys
What hormone drives platelet production &where’s it made?
Thrombopoietin
In the liver
Lifespan of a platelet?
7 days
What drives neutrophil production?
Stimulated:
- Interleukins
- Colony Stimulating Factors (CSF)
Regulated by immune responses e.g. macrophages & IL-7
Lifespan of a neutrophil?
1-2days
What can we use to improve neutrophil number?
G-CSF
Good for neutropenia
What do eosinophils do?
Target parasites
They’re the main cells involved in allergy
How does the body identify different lymphocytes?
By surface antigen (aka CD markers)
What do the different lymphocytes do and where are they matured?
B cells make antibodies. Mature in marrow
T cells split into helper, cytotoxic & regulatory
Mature in Thymus
NK cells naturally kill
From what process in the development of T cells do lymphoma’s arise?
DNA recombination during production. This process ensures all lymphocytes are a little different
But it can go wrong leading to lymphoma
What is T cell +ve selection?
If gene rearrangement results in a functional receptor the cell is allowed to survive
What is T cell -ve selection?
Gene rearrangement leads to a self-recognising T cell which is then killed
