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Immunohematology (Blood Banking) (Lecture) > Red Cell and Platelet Preservation: Review of Metabolism and Current Trends (Chapter 1 | P) > Flashcards

Red Cell and Platelet Preservation: Review of Metabolism and Current Trends (Chapter 1 | P) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the exs of anticoagulant preservatives?

A

1) ACD
2) CPD
3) CP2D
4) CDPA-1

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2
Q

If ACD is used, how long can blood be stored?

A

21 days

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3
Q

If CPD is used, how long can blood be stored?

A

21 days

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4
Q

If CP2D is used, how long can blood be stored?

A

21 days

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5
Q

If CPDA-1 is used, how long can blood be stored?

A

35 days

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6
Q

What phenomenon can still occur even if anticoagulant preservatives are used?

A

Reduction in 2,3-DPG

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7
Q

When does the phenomenon occur (even if anticoagulant preservatives are used)?

A

It is observed in the 2nd wk

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8
Q

What are the components of CPDA-1 (w/ corresponding concentrations / values)?

A

1) 0.25 mM of adenine
2) 25% more glucose compared to CPD
3) 60% less glucose compared to CP2D

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9
Q

After transfusion, normal lvls of 2,3-DPG are reached after what time duration?

A

24 hrs

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10
Q

What are the goals of RBC preservation?

A

To provide viable and functional blood components for pts requiring blood transfusion

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11
Q

What aspect of RBCs must be maintained during storage time?

A

Viability of RBCs

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12
Q

Accdg to FDA, after transfusion (post transfusion), the survival of RBCs after 24 hrs is what?

A

More than 75%

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13
Q

Accdg to FDA, the percentage of free hgb from total hgb is what?

A

Less than 1%

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14
Q

What is the meaning of AS?

A

Preservative / additive solutions

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15
Q

What are the fxns of AS?

A

1) To maintains viable, functional RBCs from time of collection to time of transfusion
2) It extends the shelf life of blood to 42 days

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16
Q

What are the AS that are currently in use?

A

1) Adsol
2) Nutricel
3) Optisol

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17
Q

What is the manufacturer of Adsol?

A

Baxter Healthcare

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18
Q

What is the manufacturer of Nutricel?

A

Pall Corporation

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19
Q

What is the manufacturer of Optisol?

A

Terumo Corporation

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20
Q

What is the storage abbreviation of Adsol?

A

AS-1

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21
Q

What is the storage abbreviation of Nutricel?

A

AS-3

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22
Q

What is the storage abbreviation of Optisol>?

A

AS-5

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23
Q

How long can blood be stored if Adsol is used as AS?

A

42 days

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24
Q

How long can blood be stored if Nutricel is used as AS?

A

42 days

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25
Q

How long can blood be stored if Optisol is used as AS?

A

42 days

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26
Q

Why did the manufacturers produced the 3 diff AS?

A

For use in extending the shelf life in blood

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27
Q

If Adsol, Nutricel, and Optisol are not used, blood can only be stored for up to what?

A

35 days

Based on the type of preservative used

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28
Q

What is the volume? (mode of administration?) of Adsol, Nutricel, and Optisol?

A

mg/100mL

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29
Q

What are the components of Adsol?

A

1) Dextrose
2) Adenine
3) Mannitol
4) NaCl

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30
Q

What is the concentration / value of dextrose in Adsol?

A

2,200

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31
Q

What is the concentration / value of adenine in Adsol?

A

27

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32
Q

What is the concentration / value of monobasic Na phosphate in Adsol?

A

0

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33
Q

What is the concentration / value of mannitol in Adsol?

A

750

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34
Q

What is the concentration / value of NaCl in Adsol?

A

900

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35
Q

What is the concentration / value of Na citrate in Adsol?

A

0

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36
Q

What is the concentration / value of citric acid in Adsol?

A

0

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37
Q

What are the components of Nutricel?

A

1) Dextose
2) Adenine
3) Monobasic Na phosphate
4) NaCl
5) Na citrate
6) Citric acid

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38
Q

What is the concentration / value of dextrose in Nutricel?

A

1,100

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39
Q

What is the concentration / value of adenine in Nutricel?

A

30

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40
Q

What is the concentration / value of monobasic Na phosphate in Nutricel?

A

276

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41
Q

What is the concentration / value of mannitol in Nutricel?

A

0

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42
Q

What is the concentration / value of NaCl in Nutricel?

A

410

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43
Q

What is the concentration / value of Na citrate in Nutricel?

44
Q

What is the concentration / value of citric acid in Nutricel?

45
Q

What are the components of Optisol?

A

1) Dextrose
2) Adenine
3) Mannitol
4) NaCl

46
Q

What is the concentration / value of dextrose in Optisol?

47
Q

What is the concentration / value of adenine in Optisol?

48
Q

What is the concentration / value of monobasic Na phosphate in Optisol?

49
Q

What is the concentration / value of mannitol in Optisol?

50
Q

What is the concentration / value of NaCl in Optisol?

51
Q

What is the concentration / value of Na citrate in Optisol?

52
Q

What is the concentration / value of citric acid in Optisol?

53
Q

What are the AS that contains mannitol among the 3?

A

1) Adsol

2) Optisol

54
Q

Mannitol are added to bags containing what preservative?

55
Q

What is the only AS that contains Na citrate and citric acid among the 3?

56
Q

Na citrate and citric acid are used in bags containing what preservative?

57
Q

What is the fxn of mannitol (purpose of it being added)?

A

It decreases cell lysis

58
Q

What is the fxn of adenine and glucose?

A

These increases ATP lvls

59
Q

What is the other term for glucose?

60
Q

What are the 3 areas in RBC biology w/c are crucial for normal survival and fxn?

A

1) RBC membrane
2) Hgb structure and fxn
3) RBC metabolism

61
Q

If defects in any or all of the areas of RBC biology that are crucial for normal survival and fxn of RBC are present, what will happen?

A

RBC survival of fewer than the normal 120 days in circulation

62
Q

Where are integral proteins located in the plasma membrane?

A

These are located w/ the 2 layers of plasma membrane

63
Q

Where are peripheral proteins found in the plasma membrane?

A

These are found on either side of the layers of the plasma membrane

64
Q

How are glycoproteins derived?

A

When carbohydrate molecules bind to protein

65
Q

How are glycolipids derived?

A

When carbohydrate molecules bind to lipids

66
Q

What are the components of the plasma membrane?

A

1) Protein
2) Lipid
3) CHO

67
Q

What is the value of proteins (as a component of plasma membrane)?

68
Q

What is the value of lipids (as a component of plasma membrane)?

69
Q

What is the value of CHO (as a component of plasma membrane)?

70
Q

What is the characteristic of the plasma membrane?

A

It is a semipermeable lipid bilayer

71
Q

What are the types of membrane lipids?

A

1) Phospholipids
2) Glycolipids
3) Chole

72
Q

What is the value of phospholipids (as a type of membrane lipids)?

73
Q

What is the value of glycolipids (as a type of membrane lipids)?

74
Q

What is the value of chole (as a type of membrane lipids)?

75
Q

Integral proteins fxns as what?

A

1) Channels
2) Transporters
3) Receptors
4) Intercellular junctions
5) Enzymes
6) Cytoskeleton anchors
7) Cell identity markers

76
Q

What are the fxns of peripheral proteins?

A

Same w/ the fxns of integral proteins

77
Q

How many volunteers donate blood?

78
Q

What is the volume of blood in 63 mL of anticoagulant?

A

450 mL +/- 10%

405 - 495 mL

79
Q

Recently, the blood:anticoagulant ratio changed, in 70 mL of anticoagulant, what is the volume of blood?

A

500 mL +/- 10%

450 - 550 mL

80
Q

What is the max amt of blood?

A

10.5 mL/kg of the donor’s wt

81
Q

If the donor is 110 lbs, what is the max volume of blood that he/she can donate?

A

525 mL of blood

1 kg = 2.20462 lbs
110 lbs -> 50 kg
10.5 mL/kg = 525 mL

82
Q

If the donor is 110 lbs, a max of 525 mL of blood can be drawn every what?

A

Every 8 wks

83
Q

What is the total blood volume of adults?

A

10 - 12 pints

84
Q

If fluid is lost (due to transfusion), it can be replaced in what time duration?

85
Q

What is the time duration for RBCs to be replaced after transfusion?

A

Within 1 - 2 mos

86
Q

After a successful transfusion (after 24 hrs), what is the percentage of cells that should be viable?

A

A min of 75% cells

87
Q

What is the temp needed for storage of blood?

A

Ref temp: 1 - 6 DC

88
Q

How long can a unit of blood may be stored?

A

21 - 42 days

89
Q

Preservation of blood depends on what?

A

1) Type of anticoagulant-preservative used

2) Whether a preservative is added to separated RBCs

90
Q

What is the result as storage time increases?

A

Viability decreases

91
Q

What are the biochemical changes that accompanies the loss of viability of blood?

A

1) Decrease in pH
2) Build-up of lactic acid
3) Decrease in glucose consumption
4) Decrease in ATP lvls
5) Reversible loss of RC fxn (increase in O2 affinity or shift to the left)

92
Q

The RBC’s metabolic pathways that produce ATP are mainly what?

93
Q

What are the characteristics of RBCs in connection to metabolism?

A

They are 1) anucleated and 2) have no mitochondrial apparatus for oxidative metabolism

94
Q

The 3 ancillary pathways serve to maintain the what?

A

The structure and fxn of hgb

95
Q

What are the diff metabolic pathways for RBCs?

A

1) Glycolysis
2) Pentose-phosphate pathway
3) Methemoglobin reductase pathway
4) Luebering-Rapaport pathway

96
Q

What is the purpose of glycolysis?

A

To produce 90% of ATP needed

97
Q

What is the purpose of pentose-phosphate pathway?

A

To produce 10% of energy

98
Q

What is the result if defects in pentose-phosphate pathway are present?

A

It results to the production of Heinz bodies

99
Q

What are the purposes of Luebering-Rapaport pathway?

A

1) Generates 2,3 DPG

2) Regulates affinity of hgb to O2

100
Q

What is O2 affinity?

A

It is the ability of hgb to bind or release O2, expressed in terms of O2 tension

101
Q

What are the allosteric changes that occur as the hgb loads and unloads O2 (specifically when decrease in 2,3 DPG is present)?

A

1) Increase in hgb O2 affinity

2) Less O2 delivered to tissues (shift to the left)

102
Q

What are the results if blood w/ low 2,3 DPG was transfused?

A

1) Increase in cardiac output

2) Decrease in PO2

103
Q

What are the concepts / situations present if shift to the left / left shifted is present (present in the O2 dissociation curve)?

A

1) Increased Abn Hb
2) Increase in pH
3) Decreased DPG
4) Decreased temp
5) Decreased P50

104
Q

What are the concepts / situations present if shift to the right / right shifted is present (present in the O2 dissociation curve)?

A

1) Decreased pH
2) Increased DPG
3) Increased temp
4) Increased P50

105
Q

Percent hgb saturation depends on what?

A

1) pH
2) Temp
3) P50
4) DPG

Immunohematology (Blood Banking) (Lecture) (10 decks)

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